Extraction of Gold(III) from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions with a PVC-based Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) Containing Cyphos® IL 104
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Optimization of the Membrane Composition
Cyphos® IL 104 (wt%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20.0 | 25.0 | 30.0 | 40.0 | ||
1-Dodecanol (wt%) | 0.0 | Clear | Clear | Clear | Cloudy |
2.5 | Clear | Clear | Cloudy | Oily surface | |
5.0 | Clear | Clear | Cloudy | Oily surface | |
7.5 | Oily surface | Oily surface | Oily surface | Oily surface | |
10.0 | Oily surface | Oily surface | Oily surface | Oily surface | |
12.5 | Oily surface | Oily surface | Oily surface | Oily surface |
2.2. Effect of the HCl Concentration
2.3. The Au(III) Extraction Mechanism
2.4. Au(III) Back-Extraction
[P]+ [PO2]-(PIM) + [Au(SO3)2]3-(aq) + 3H+(aq) + 4Cl-(aq) + SO42-(aq)
Stripping reagent | %Back-extraction | Initial flux (mol m−2 s−1) |
---|---|---|
NaCl | 13.7 | 1.26 × 10−3 |
HCl | 18.9 | 1.71 ×10−3 |
KNO3 | 13.8 | 7.64 × 10−4 |
HNO3 | 8.25 | 1.28 × 10−3 |
KSCN | 8.71 | 7.85 × 10−4 |
Na2SO3 | 95.4 | 2.60 × 10−3 |
Na2S2O3 | 68.2 | 2.63 × 10−3 |
Thiourea | 76.1 | 1.61 × 10−3 |
Na2SO4 | 17.2 | 1.78 × 10−3 |
H2SO4 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
NaClO4 | 58.0 | 6.50 × 10−4 |
KBr | 11.9 | 8.42 × 10−4 |
2.5. Effect of pH of the Receiver Solution
2.6. Effect of the Na2SO3 Concentration of the Receiver Solution
2.7. Repeated Extraction/Back-Extraction Cycles
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Apparatus
3.3. Membrane Preparation
3.4. Membrane Extraction and Back-Extraction Experiments
3.5. Stoichiometry of the Au(III)/Cyphos® IL 104 Adduct
3.6. Initial Flux Calculations
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bonggotgetsakul, Y.Y.N.; Cattrall, R.W.; Kolev, S.D. Extraction of Gold(III) from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions with a PVC-based Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) Containing Cyphos® IL 104. Membranes 2015, 5, 903-914. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes5040903
Bonggotgetsakul YYN, Cattrall RW, Kolev SD. Extraction of Gold(III) from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions with a PVC-based Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) Containing Cyphos® IL 104. Membranes. 2015; 5(4):903-914. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes5040903
Chicago/Turabian StyleBonggotgetsakul, Ya Ya Nutchapurida, Robert W. Cattrall, and Spas D. Kolev. 2015. "Extraction of Gold(III) from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions with a PVC-based Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) Containing Cyphos® IL 104" Membranes 5, no. 4: 903-914. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes5040903