TiO2–Based Nanofibrous Membranes for Environmental Protection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Electrospinning/Electrospraying Techniques
2.1. Electrospinning
2.2. Electrospraying
2.3. Techniques for TiO2 Electrospun Nanofiber Fabrication
2.3.1. Electrospun TiO2 Nanofibers
2.3.2. TiO2 Nanofibers
2.3.3. Electrospun TiO2 Modification
3. Applications of Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes in Environmental Protection
3.1. Dyes Degradation
3.2. Herbicides
3.3. Polymers
3.4. Pharmaceuticals Removal from Wastewater
4. Conclusions
5. Challenges
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ENPM | Synthesis Method | Pollutant | ENPM Quantity (g) | Pollutant Concentration (mg/L) | Solution Volume (mL) | Degradation Time (min) | Photocatalytic Degradation (%) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H4SiW12O14/CA | Electrospinning | Methyl orange | 0.20 | 10 | 100 | 120 | 94.60% | [98] |
TiO2/bioglass nanofibers | Electrospinning, calcination, heating | Methylene blue | - | 10 | - | 120 | 60.0% | [92] |
TiO2/PMMA | Electrospinning | Methylene blue | - | 2 | 50 | 100 | 100% | [20] |
PAN/TiO2/Ag | Electrospinning and hydrothermal | Methylene blue | 0.01 | 10 | 20 | 60 | 99.7% | [99] |
Ag3PO4/PAN nanofibers | Electrospinning and surface modification | Methylene blue | 0.15 | 10 | 50 | 60 | 100% | [100] |
Pdopa-ZNRs/PU | Electrospinning, surface functionalization and hydrothermal | Methylene blue | - | 10 | 20 | 180 | 65.0% | [101] |
CNF@TiO2 | Blended spinning and carbonization | Rhodamine B | - | 10 | 200 | 60 | 80.0% | [102] |
MOF-based C-doped coupled TiO2/ZnO nanofibers | Electrospinning and calcination | Rhodamine | 0.02 | 10 | 25 | 100 | 92% | [103] |
TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunction | Electrospinning and calcination | RhB | 0.05 | 10 | 50 | 100 | 96.0% | [104] |
rGO@TiO2 | Electrospinning and calcination | Propranolol | - | 5 | 50 | 60 | 100% | [105] |
H4SiW12O14/CA | Electrospinning | Tetracycline | 0.20 | 10 | 100 | 120 | 63.80% | [98] |
PAN/AgBr/Ag | Electrospinning, heat treatment and wet chemical | Salicylic acid (SA) | 0.10 | 5 | 20 | 300 | 97.0% | [106] |
CQDs-Bi20TiO32/PAN | Coaxial electrospinning | Isoproturon | 0.10 | 15 | 50 | 3600 | 90.4% | [107] |
Graphitic carbon nitride/PAN | Electrospinning | HPAM | - | 20 | - | 180 | 90.2% | [108] |
PVDF-TiO2 | Electrospinning and electrospraying | Cimetidine (CMT) | - | - | 45 | 40 | 100% | [109] |
4-Chlorophenol | - | - | 100 | 100% | ||||
Bisphenol A | - | - | 100 | 100% | ||||
GO/ZnS-CNFs | Electrospinning, calcination and solvothermal | p-aminotoluene | - | - | 10 | n/a | 90.0% | [110] |
Graphitic carbon nitride Nanofibers | Electrospinning | Oilfield produced water | 0.20 | 1000 | 200 | 480 | 96.6% | [111] |
GCN/PAN nanofibers | 85.4% | |||||||
Nanofiber coated alumina | Electrospinning and coating | Oilfield produced water | - | 1000 | - | 180 | 99.0% | [112] |
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Covaliu-Mierlă, C.I.; Matei, E.; Stoian, O.; Covaliu, L.; Constandache, A.-C.; Iovu, H.; Paraschiv, G. TiO2–Based Nanofibrous Membranes for Environmental Protection. Membranes 2022, 12, 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020236
Covaliu-Mierlă CI, Matei E, Stoian O, Covaliu L, Constandache A-C, Iovu H, Paraschiv G. TiO2–Based Nanofibrous Membranes for Environmental Protection. Membranes. 2022; 12(2):236. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020236
Chicago/Turabian StyleCovaliu-Mierlă, Cristina Ileana, Ecaterina Matei, Oana Stoian, Leon Covaliu, Alexandra-Corina Constandache, Horia Iovu, and Gigel Paraschiv. 2022. "TiO2–Based Nanofibrous Membranes for Environmental Protection" Membranes 12, no. 2: 236. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020236