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Volume 12
Issue 5
10.3390/vaccines12050533
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Review

Current Progress in Vaccines against Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review and Update

by
Thilo Gambichler
1,2,3,*,
David Schrama
4,
Riina Käpynen
1,
Sera S. Weyer-Fahlbusch
2,
Jürgen C. Becker
5,6,
Laura Susok
2,
Florian Kreppel
7 and
Nessr Abu Rached
1
1
Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
2
Department of Dermatology, Dortmund Hospital gGmbH and Faculty of Health, Witten-Herdecke University, 44122 Dortmund, Germany
3
Department of Dermatology and Phlebology, Christian Hospital Unna, 59423 Unna, Germany
4
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
5
Translational Skin Cancer Research, DKTK Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf, West German Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
6
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
7
Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2024, 12(5), 533; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050533
Submission received: 19 March 2024 / Revised: 9 May 2024 / Accepted: 11 May 2024 / Published: 13 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccines and Therapeutic Approaches in Dermatological Diseases)
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Abstract

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare, aggressive skin cancer that mainly occurs in elderly and immunocompromised patients. Due to the success of immune checkpoint inhibition in MCC, the importance of immunotherapy and vaccines in MCC has increased in recent years. In this article, we aim to present the current progress and perspectives in the development of vaccines for this disease. Here, we summarize and discuss the current literature and ongoing clinical trials investigating vaccines against MCC. We identified 10 articles through a PubMed search investigating a vaccine against MCC. From the international clinical trial database Clinical.Trials.gov, we identified nine studies on vaccines for the management of MCC, of which seven are actively recruiting. Most of the identified studies investigating a vaccine against MCC are preclinical or phase 1/2 trials. The vaccine principles mainly included DNA- and (synthetic) peptide-based vaccines, but RNA-based vaccines, oncolytic viruses, and the combination of vaccines and immunotherapy are also under investigation for the treatment of MCC. Although the management of MCC is changing, when compared to times before the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors, it will still take some time before the first MCC vaccine is ready for approval.
Keywords: skin cancer; vaccines; oncolytic virus; mRNA; personalized; peptides; immunology; nanoparticles skin cancer; vaccines; oncolytic virus; mRNA; personalized; peptides; immunology; nanoparticles

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gambichler, T.; Schrama, D.; Käpynen, R.; Weyer-Fahlbusch, S.S.; Becker, J.C.; Susok, L.; Kreppel, F.; Abu Rached, N. Current Progress in Vaccines against Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review and Update. Vaccines 2024, 12, 533. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050533

AMA Style

Gambichler T, Schrama D, Käpynen R, Weyer-Fahlbusch SS, Becker JC, Susok L, Kreppel F, Abu Rached N. Current Progress in Vaccines against Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review and Update. Vaccines. 2024; 12(5):533. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050533

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gambichler, Thilo, David Schrama, Riina Käpynen, Sera S. Weyer-Fahlbusch, Jürgen C. Becker, Laura Susok, Florian Kreppel, and Nessr Abu Rached. 2024. "Current Progress in Vaccines against Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review and Update" Vaccines 12, no. 5: 533. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050533

APA Style

Gambichler, T., Schrama, D., Käpynen, R., Weyer-Fahlbusch, S. S., Becker, J. C., Susok, L., Kreppel, F., & Abu Rached, N. (2024). Current Progress in Vaccines against Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Review and Update. Vaccines, 12(5), 533. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050533

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