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Vaccines
Volume 9
Issue 7
10.3390/vaccines9070801
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Communication

Timely Birth Dose Vaccine to Prevent Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B: A Single Center Experience on the Road to the WHO Elimination Goals in Italy

by
Michele Pinon
1,*,
Laura Giugliano
1,
Emanuele Nicastro
2,
Omar Kakaa
3,
Alessandra Coscia
4,
Caterina Carbonara
4,
Lorenzo D’Antiga
2,† and
Pier Luigi Calvo
1,†
1
Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
2
Paediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, ASST Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
3
Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
4
Neonatology Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors share the same senior authorship.
Vaccines 2021, 9(7), 801; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070801
Submission received: 1 May 2021 / Revised: 15 July 2021 / Accepted: 16 July 2021 / Published: 19 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Timely Administration of the Hepatitis B Birth Dose Vaccine)
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Abstract

Italy was one of the first industrialized countries to implement a program of routine vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, currently, no HBV vaccine is administered at birth if the screened mother is HBsAg negative, whilst babies born to HBsAg positive mothers are given vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin, within 12–24 post-delivery hours. A single center retrospective analysis of policies and practices to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HBV was carried out, to evaluate their adherence to HBV care guidelines. Paired maternal-infant medical records for consecutive live births, between January 2015 and December 2019, were reviewed at the AOU Città della Salute e Scienza di Torino, where a total of 235/35,506 babies (0.7%) were born to HBsAg positive mothers. Markers of active viral replication, i.e., HBV DNA level and/or HBeAg, were reported in only 66/235 (28%) of the mothers’ medical records. All newborns had immunoprophylaxis at birth: 61% at <12 h, 31% between 12 and 24 h, 7% between 24 and 36 h and 1% at >36 h. In 2019, two cases of vertical HBV transmission occurred, despite timely immunoprophylaxis, as their mothers’ viral load was detected too late for antiviral prophylaxis. Missed early identification of pregnant women with high viremia levels or late vaccinations may contribute to perinatal HBV infection. Immunoprophylaxis should be given to babies born to HBsAg positive mothers at the latest within 12 h. In Italy, policies aimed at achieving the WHO 2030 goal of eliminating viral hepatitis should be further implemented.
Keywords: hepatitis B virus; vertical transmission; timely vaccination; immunoprophylaxis; prevention strategies hepatitis B virus; vertical transmission; timely vaccination; immunoprophylaxis; prevention strategies

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Pinon, M.; Giugliano, L.; Nicastro, E.; Kakaa, O.; Coscia, A.; Carbonara, C.; D’Antiga, L.; Calvo, P.L. Timely Birth Dose Vaccine to Prevent Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B: A Single Center Experience on the Road to the WHO Elimination Goals in Italy. Vaccines 2021, 9, 801. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070801

AMA Style

Pinon M, Giugliano L, Nicastro E, Kakaa O, Coscia A, Carbonara C, D’Antiga L, Calvo PL. Timely Birth Dose Vaccine to Prevent Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B: A Single Center Experience on the Road to the WHO Elimination Goals in Italy. Vaccines. 2021; 9(7):801. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070801

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pinon, Michele, Laura Giugliano, Emanuele Nicastro, Omar Kakaa, Alessandra Coscia, Caterina Carbonara, Lorenzo D’Antiga, and Pier Luigi Calvo. 2021. "Timely Birth Dose Vaccine to Prevent Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B: A Single Center Experience on the Road to the WHO Elimination Goals in Italy" Vaccines 9, no. 7: 801. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070801

APA Style

Pinon, M., Giugliano, L., Nicastro, E., Kakaa, O., Coscia, A., Carbonara, C., D’Antiga, L., & Calvo, P. L. (2021). Timely Birth Dose Vaccine to Prevent Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B: A Single Center Experience on the Road to the WHO Elimination Goals in Italy. Vaccines, 9(7), 801. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070801

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