Bispecific Antibodies: A Smart Arsenal for Cancer Immunotherapies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Binding Modules and Characteristics of Bispecific Antibodies
2.1. Building Blocks of Bispecific Antibodies
2.2. Single-Chain Variable Fragment (scFv)-Based Bispecific Antibodies
2.3. IgG-Based Bispecific Antibodies
2.4. Affinity and Valency of Bispecific Antibodies
2.5. Immunogenicity of Bispecific Antibodies
3. Multiple Types of Bispecific Therapeutics in Immuno-Oncology
4. Immune Effector Cell Redirectors
4.1. T Cell-Engagers
4.2. NK Cell-Engagers
4.3. Other Immune Cell-Engagers
5. Tumor-Targeted Immunomodulators
5.1. Immunoglobulin Superfamily
5.2. TNFR Superfamily
6. Dual Immunomodulators
6.1. Dual Blockade of Immunosuppressive Targets
6.2. Simultaneous Targeting of Coinhibitory and Costimulatory Pathways
6.3. Dual Stimulation of Costimulatory Pathways
7. Dual Tumor-Targeting BsAbs
7.1. Tumor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Blockade
7.2. Angiogenesis Inhibition
7.3. Improved Delivery of Payloads
7.4. Tumor-Targeted Tumor Cell Lysis
8. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Antibody Format/Platform | Structure | Company | Product | Target |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single domain antibody (sdAb)-based BsAbs [16,17,18] | Alphamab | KN046 | PD-L1 × CTLA-4 | ||
Inhibrix | INBRX-105 | PD-L1 × 4-1BB | |||
Single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-based BsAbs [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27] | Bispecific T-cell Engager (BiTE) | Amgen | Blinatumomab (Blincyto) | CD19 × CD3 | |
AMG330 | CD33 × CD3 | ||||
AMG420 | BCMA × CD3 | ||||
Bayor | BAY2010112 | PSMA × CD3 | |||
BiTE-Fc/Half-life extended BiTE (HLE BiTE) | Amgen | AMG701 (Pavurutamab) | BCMA × CD3 | ||
AMG673 | CD33 × CD3 | ||||
AMG757 | DLL3 × CD3 | ||||
Dual affinity retargeting (DART) | Macrogenics | MGD006 (Flotetuzumab) | CD123 × CD3 | ||
DART-Fc | Macrogenics | MGD013 (Tebotelimab) | PD-1 × LAG-3 | ||
MGD019 | PD-1 × CTLA-4 | ||||
Tandem Diabody (TandAb) | Affimed | AFM13 | CD30 × CD16A | ||
Amphivena | AMV564 | CD33 × CD3 | |||
Trispecific Killer Engager (TriKE) | GT Biopharma | GTB-3550 | CD33 × CD16, IL-15 | ||
IgG-based, heterodimeric bispecifics [28,29,30,31,32,33,34] | Common light chain (Biclonics, Veloci-Bi) | Merus | MCLA-145 | PD-L1 × 4-1BB | |
Regeneron | REGN1979 | CD20 × CD3 | |||
REGN5678 | PSMA × CD28 | ||||
DuoBody; Controlled Fam-arm exchange | Janssen | Teclistamab (JNJ-64007957) | BCMA × CD3 | ||
Genmab-Abbvie | Epcoritamab (GEN3013) | CD20 × CD3 | |||
Genmab-Biontech | BNT312 (GEN1042) | CD40 × 4-1BB | |||
BNT311 (GEN1046) | PD-L1 × 4-1BB | ||||
1 + 1 CrossMAb | Roche | RO7247669 | PD-1 × LAG-3 | ||
Mosunetuzumab | CD20 × CD3 | ||||
Cevostamab | FcRH5 × CD3 | ||||
2 + 1 CrossMAb | Roche | Glofitamab | CD20 × CD3 | ||
RG7802 (RO6958688) | CEA × CD3 | ||||
Celgene | CC-93269 | BCMA × CD3 | |||
IgG-based, homodimeric bispecifics [35,36,37,38,39] | Grabody, IgG-scFv | ABL Bio | ABL503 | PD-L1 × 4-1BB | |
ABL111 | Claudin 18.2 × 4-1BB | ||||
IgG-anticalin fusion protein | Pieris | PRS-343 | HER2 × 4-1BB | ||
Fc region with antigen binding (Fcab), mAb2 | F-Star | FS118 | PD-L1 × LAG-3 | ||
Others [40,41,42,43] | XmAb, Fab + scFv + Fc | Xencor | Vibecotamab (XmAb 14045) | CD123 × CD3 | |
XmAb20717 | PD-1 × CTLA-4 | ||||
Bispecific Engagement by Antibodies based on TCR (BEAT) | Glenmark Pharmaceuticals | GBR1342 | CD38 × CD3 |
Name | Targets | Developer | Format | Highest Phase | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AFM13 | CD30 × CD16A | Affimed GmbH | Fv + (Fv)2 + Fv, 2 + 2 TandAb | II | NCT04074746 and 5 studies |
AFM24 | EGFR × CD16A | Affimed GmbH | Fv + (Fv)2 + Fv, 2 + 2 TandAb | I/II | NCT04259450 |
AFM26, RO7297089 | BCMA × CD16A | Affimed GmbH, Genentech | Fv + (Fv)2 + Fv, 2 + 2 TandAb | I | NCT04434469 |
Solitomab, AMG110, MT110 | EpCAM × CD3 | Amgen | scFv + scFv, 1 + 1 BiTE | I | NCT00635596 |
AMG160 | PSMA × CD3 | Amgen | scFv + scFv + Fc, 1 + 1 HLE BiTE | I | NCT03792841 NCT04631601 |
AMG199 | MUC17 × CD3 | Amgen | scFv + scFv + Fc, 1 + 1 HLE BiTE | I | NCT04117958 |
AMG330 | CD33 × CD3 | Amgen | scFv + scFv, 1 + 1 BiTE | I | NCT02520427 NCT04478695 |
AMG427 | FLT3 × CD3 | Amgen | scFv + scFv + Fc, 1 + 1 HLE BiTE | I | NCT03541369 |
AMG562 | CD19 × CD3 | Amgen | scFv + scFv, 1 + 1 BiTE | I | NCT03571828 |
AMG596 | EGFRvIII × CD3 | Amgen | scFv + scFv, 1 + 1 BiTE | I | NCT03296696 |
AMG673 | CD33 × CD3 | Amgen | scFv + scFv + Fc, 1+ 1 HLE BiTE | I | NCT03224819 |
Pavurutamab, AMG701 | BCMA × CD3 | Amgen | scFv + scFv + Fc, 1 + 1 HLE BiTE | I | NCT03287908 |
AMG757 | DLL3 × CD3 | Amgen | scFv + scFv + Fc, 1 + 1 HLE BiTE | I | NCT03541369 |
AMG910 | CLDN18.2 × CD3 | Amgen | scFv + scFv + Fc, 1 + 1 HLE BiTE | I | NCT04260191 |
Pasotuxizumab, AMG212, BAY2010112 | PSMA × CD3 | Amgen, Bayer AG | scFv + scFv, 1 + 1 BiTE | I | NCT01723475 |
AMG420, BI836909 | BCMA × CD3 | Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim | scFv + scFv, 1 + 1 BiTE | I | NCT03836053 |
AMG424 | CD38 × CD3 | Amgen, Xencor | Fab + scFv + Fc, 1 + 1 XmAb | I | NCT03445663 |
AMG509 | STEAP1 × CD3 | Amgen, Xencor | (Fab)2 + scFv + Fc, 2 + 1 XmAb | I | NCT04221542 |
AMV564 | CD33 × CD3 | Amphivena Therapeutics | Fv + (Fv)2 + Fv, 2 + 2 TandAb | I | NCT04128423 and 2 studies |
APVO436 | CD123 × CD3 | Aptevo Therapeutics | (scFv)2 + (scFv)2 + Fc, 2 + 2 ADAPTIR | I | NCT03647800 |
CC-93269, EM801 | BCMA × CD3 | Celgene | Fab + (Fab)2 + Fc, 2 + 1 CrossMAb | I | NCT03486067 |
ERY974 | Glypican-3 × CD3 | Chugai Pharmaceutical | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 ART-Ig | I | NCT02748837 |
A-319 | CD19 × CD3 | Evive Biotech | scFv + Fab, 1 + 1 | I | NCT04056975 |
GEM333 | CD33 × CD3 | GEMoaB Monoclonals | scFv + scFv, 1 + 1 | I | NCT03516760 |
GEM3PSCA | PSCA × CD3 | GEMoaB Monoclonals | scFv + scFv, 1 + 1 | I | NCT03927573 |
RG6160, RO7187797, BFCR4350A | FcRH5 × CD3 | Genentech | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | I | NCT03275103 |
RG6194, BTRC4017A | HER2 × CD3 | Genentech | undisclosed | I | NCT03448042 |
RG6296, RO7297089 | BCMA × CD16A | Genentech | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | I | NCT04434469 |
Mosunetuzumab, RG7828, RO7030816, BTCT4465A | CD20 × CD3 | Genentech, Roche, Chugai | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | II | NCT03677154 and 8 studies |
GEN1044 | 5T4 × CD3 | Genmab, Abbvie | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 DuoBody | I | NCT04424641 |
Epcoritamab, GEN3013 | CD20 × CD3 | Genmab, Abbvie | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 DuoBody | III | NCT03625037 and 5 studies |
GTB-3550, OXS-3550 | CD33 × CD16, IL-15 | GT Biopharma | scFv + ligand + scFv, 1 + 1 + 1 TriKE | I/II | NCT03214666 |
HPN424 | PSMA × HSA × CD3 | Harpoon Therapeutics | sdAb + sdAb + scFv, 1 + 1 + 1 TriTAC | I/II | NCT03577028 |
ISB1302, GBR1302 | HER2 × CD3 | Ichnos Sciences, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals | Fab + scFv + Fc, 1 + 1 BEAT | I/II | NCT02829372 NCT03983395 |
ISB1342, GBR1342 | CD38 × CD3 | Ichnos Sciences, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals | Fab + scFv + Fc, 1 + 1 BEAT | I/II | NCT03309111 |
IGM-2323 | CD20 × CD3 | IGM Biosciences | IgM + scFv, 10 + 1 | I | NCT04082936 |
Tebentafusp, IMCgp100 | gp100/HLA-A * 02:01 × CD3 | Immunocore | TCR + scFv, 1 + 1 ImmTAC | III | NCT03070392 and 5 studies |
IMC-F106C | PRAME/HLA-A * 02:01 × CD3 | Immunocore | TCR + scFv, 1 + 1 ImmTAC | I/II | NCT04262466 |
IMC-C103C | MAGE-A4/HLA-A * 02:01 × CD3 | Immunocore, Genentech | TCR + scFv, 1 + 1 ImmTAC | I/II | NCT03973333 |
IMCnyeso, GSK01 | NY-ESO-1/HLA-A * 02:01 × CD3 | Immunocore, GlaxoSmithKline | TCR + scFv, 1 + 1 ImmTAC | I/II | NCT03515551 |
JNJ-63709178 | CD123 × CD3 | Janssen Research & Development | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 DuoBody | I | NCT02715011 |
JNJ-63898081 | PSMA × CD3 | Janssen Research & Development | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 DuoBody | I | NCT03926013 |
Teclistamab, JNJ-64007957 | BCMA × CD3 | Janssen Research & Development | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 DuoBody | II | NCT04557098 and 5 studies |
Talquetamab, JNJ-64407564 | GPRC5D × CD3 | Janssen Research & Development | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 DuoBody | II | NCT04634552 and 3 studies |
JNJ-67571244 | CD33 × CD3 | Janssen Research & Development | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 DuoBody | I | NCT03915379 |
MGD007 | gpA33 × CD3 | MacroGenics | Fv + Fv + Fc, 1 + 1 DART-Fc | I | NCT02248805 NCT03531632 |
Orlotamab, MGD009 | B7-H3 × CD3 | MacroGenics | Fv + Fv + Fc, 1 + 1 DART-Fc | I | NCT02628535 NCT03406949 |
Duvortuxizumab, MGD011, JNJ-64052781 | CD19 × CD3 | MacroGenics, Janssen Research & Development | Fv + Fv, 1 + 1 DART | I | NCT02743546 NCT02454270 |
Flotetuzumab, MGD006, S80880 | CD123 × CD3 | MacroGenics, Servier | Fv + Fv, 1 + 1 DART | I | NCT04582864 and 5 studies |
Tepoditamab, MCLA-117 | CLEC12A × CD3 | Merus | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 Biclonics | I | NCT03038230 |
PF-06671008 | P-cadherin × CD3 | Pfizer | Fv + Fv + Fc, 1 + 1 DART-Fc | I | NCT02659631 |
PF-06863135 | BCMA × CD3 | Pfizer | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | II | NCT04649359 and 2 studies |
Odronextamab, REGN1979 | CD20 × CD3 | Regeneron | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | II | NCT03888105 and 2 studies |
REGN5458 | BCMA × CD3 | Regeneron | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | I/II | NCT03761108 |
REGN5459 | BCMA × CD3 | Regeneron | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | I | NCT04083534 |
REGN4018 | MUC16 × CD3 | Regeneron, Sanofi | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | I/II | NCT03564340 NCT04590326 |
Glofitamab, RO7082859, RG6026 | CD20 × CD3 | Roche | Fab + (Fab)2 + Fc, 2 + 1 CrossMAb | III | NCT03075696 and 8 studies |
Cibisatamab, RO6958688, RG7802 | CEA × CD3 | Roche, Genentech | Fab + (Fab)2 + Fc, 2 + 1 CrossMAb | I | NCT02650713 and 3 studies |
SAR440234 | CD123 × CD3 | Sanofi | Fab + Fv + Fc, 1 + 1 | I/II | NCT03594955 |
TNB-383B | BCMA × CD3 | TeneoBio, AbbVie | sdAb + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | I | NCT03933735 |
M802 | HER2 × CD3 | Wuhan YZY Biopharma | Fab + scFv + Fc, 1 + 1 YBODY | I | NCT04501770 |
Plamotamab, Xmab13676 | CD20 × CD3 | Xencor | Fab + scFv + Fc, 1 + 1 XmAb | I | NCT02924402 |
Tidutamab, Xmab18087 | SSTR2 × CD3 | Xencor | Fab + scFv + Fc, 1 + 1 XmAb | I/II | NCT03411915 NCT04590781 |
Vibecotamab, Xmab14045 | CD123 × CD3 | Xencor, Novartis | Fab + scFv + Fc, 1 + 1 XmAb | I | NCT02730312 |
Nivatrotamab | GD2 × CD3 | Y-mAbs | IgG + (scFv)2, 2 + 2 BiClone | I/II | NCT04750239 |
Name | Targets | Developer | Format | Highest Phase | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ABBV-428 | MSLN × CD40 | AbbVie | (scFv)2 + (scFv)2 + Fc, 2 + 2 | I | NCT02955251 |
ABL503 | PD-L1 × 4-1BB | ABL Bio, I-MAB | IgG + (scFv)2, 2 + 2 | I | NCT04762641 |
AK104 | PD-1 × CTLA-4 | Akeso Biopharma | IgG + (scFv)2, 2 + 2 | II | NCT04172454 and 13 studies |
ATOR-1015, ADC-1015 | OX40 × CTLA-4 | Alligator Bioscience | IgG + (ligand)2, 2 + 2 | I | NCT03782467 |
AMG506, MP0310 | FAP × 4-1BB × HSA | Molecular Partners AG, Amgen | (DARPin)3, 1 + 1 + 1 | I | NCT04049903 |
CDX-527 | PD-1 × CD40 | Celldex | IgG + (scFv)2, 2 + 2 | I | NCT04440943 |
LY3415244 | PD-L1 × Tim-3 | Eli Lilly | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | I | NCT03752177 |
LY3434172 | PD-1 × PD-L1 | Eli Lilly | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | I | NCT03936959 |
FS118 | PD-L1 × LAG-3 | F-star | IgG with Fcab, 2 + 2 mAb2 | I/II | NCT03440437 |
FS120 | OX40 × 4-1BB | F-star | IgG with Fcab, 2 + 2 mAb2 | I | NCT04648202 |
FS222 | PD-L1 × 4-1BB | F-star | IgG with Fcab, 2 + 2 mAb2 | I | NCT04740424 |
GEN1042 | CD40 × 4-1BB | Genmab, BioNTech | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 DuoBody | I | NCT04083599 |
GEN1046, BNT311 | PD-L1 × 4-1BB | Genmab, BioNTech | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 DuoBody | I/II | NCT03917381 |
GS-1423, AGEN1423 | CD73 × TGF-b | Gilead Sciences, Agenus | IgG + TGFβ receptor, 2 + 2 | I | NCT03954704 |
INBRX-105, ES101 | PD-L1 × 4-1BB | Inhibrx, Elpiscience Biopharma | (sdAb)2 + (sdAb)2 + Fc, 2 + 2 | I | NCT03809624 NCT04009460 |
IBI318 | PD-1 × PD-L1 | Innovent Biologics | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | II | NCT04777084 and 5 studies |
KN046 | PD-L1 × CTLA-4 | Jiangsu Alphamab Biopharmaceuticals | (sdAb)2 + (sdAb)2 + Fc, 2 + 2 | III | NCT04040699 and 15 studies |
SHR-1701 | PD-L1 × TGF-b | Jiangsu HengRui Medicine | IgG + TGFβ receptor, 2 + 2 | II | NCT04650633 and 11 studies |
MGD019 | PD-1 × CTLA-4 | Macrogenics | (Fv)2 + (Fv)2 + Fc, 2 + 2 DART-Fc | I | NCT03761017 |
Tebotelimab, MGD013 | PD-1 × LAG-3 | Macrogenics, Zai Lab | (Fv)2 + (Fv)2 + Fc, 2 + 2 DART-Fc | II/III | NCT04212221 and 6 studies |
MEDI5752 | PD-1 × CTLA-4 | MedImmune | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | I | NCT04522323 and 2 studies |
Bintrafusp Alfa, M7824 | PD-L1 × TGF-b | Merck KGaA | IgG + TGFβ receptor, 2 + 2 | III | NCT03631706 and 38 studies |
MCLA-145 | PD-L1 × 4-1BB | Merus, Incyte | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 Biclonics | I | NCT03922204 |
NM21-1480 | PD-L1 × 4-1BB × HSA | Numab | Fv + Fv + Fv, 1 + 1 + 1 scMATCH3 | I/II | NCT04442126 |
PRS-343 | HER2 × 4-1BB | Pieris Pharmaceuticals | IgG + (anticalin)2, 2 + 2 | I | NCT03330561 NCT03650348 |
REGN5678 | PSMA × CD28 | Regeneron | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | I/II | NCT03972657 |
RG6139, RO7247669 | PD-1 × LAG-3 | Roche | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 CrossMAb | II | NCT04785820 NCT04140500 |
RG7769, RO7121661 | PD-1 × Tim-3 | Roche | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 CrossMAb | II | NCT04785820 and 2 studies |
Xmab20717 | PD-1 × CTLA-4 | Xencor | scFv + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 Xtend XmAb | I | NCT03517488 |
Xmab22841 | CTLA-4 × LAG-3 | Xencor | scFv + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 Xtend XmAb | I | NCT03849469 |
Xmab23104 | PD-1 × ICOS | Xencor | scFv + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 Xtend XmAb | I | NCT03752398 |
Name | Targets | Developer | Format | Highest Phase | Clinical Trials |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dilpacimab, ABT-165 | DLL4 × VEGF | AbbVie | (Fv)2 + IgG, 2 + 2 DVD-Ig | II | NCT01946074 NCT03368859 |
ABL001, NOV1501, TR009 | DLL4 × VEGF | ABL Bio | IgG + (scFv)2, 2 + 2 | I/II | NCT03292783 NCT04492033 |
BI836880 | VEGF × Ang-2 | Boehringer Ingelheim | sdAb + sdAb + albumin, 1 + 1 | II | NCT03861234 and 5 studies |
BI905677 | LRP5/6 | Boehringer Ingelheim | sdAb + sdAb + albumin, 1 + 1 | I | NCT03604445 |
AK112 | VEGF × PD-1 | Akesobio | IgG + (scFv)2, 2 + 2 | I/II | NCT04736823 and 2 studies |
KN026 | HER2 × HER2 (Biparatopic) | Jiangsu Alphamab Pharmaceuticals | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | II | NCT04521179 and 6 studies |
MBS301 | HER2 × HER2 (Biparatopic) | Beijing Mabworks Biotech | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 Fab-arm exchange | I | NCT03842085 |
LY3164530 | MET × EGFR | Eli Lilly and Co | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 orthoFab-IgG | I | NCT02221882 |
EMB-01 | cMET × EGFR | Epimab Biotherapeutics | (Fab)2 + IgG, 2 + 2 FIT-Ig | I/II | NCT03797391 |
Duligotuzumab, MEHD7945A, RO5541078, RG7597 | EGFR × HER3 | Genentech | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | II | NCT01986166 and 4 studies |
Amivantamab, JNJ-61186372 | cMET × EGFR | Genmab, Janssen | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 DuoBody | III | NCT04077463 and 5 studies |
HX009 | PD-1 × CD47 | HanxBio | IgG + (ligand)2, 2 + 2 | I | NCT04097769 |
IMM0306 | CD20 × CD47 | ImmuneOnco | IgG + (ligand)2, 2 + 2 | I | CTR20192612 |
IBI322 | PD-L1 × CD47 | Innovent | sdAb + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | I | NCT04795128 and 2 studies |
MM-111 | HER2 × HER3 | Merrimack Pharmaceuticals | (scFv)2 + albumin, 1 + 1 | II | NCT01097460 and 3 studies |
MM-141 | IGF-1R × HER3 | Merrimack Pharmaceuticals | IgG + (scFv)2, 2 + 2 | II | NCT02538627 and 2 studies |
Zenocutuzumab, MCLA-128,PB4188 | HER2 × HER3 | Merus | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 Biclonics | II | NCT02912949 and 2 studies |
MP0250 | HGF × VEGF × HSA | Molecular Partners AG | (DARPin)4, 1 + 1 + 2 | I/II | NCT03136653 and 2 studies |
MP0274 | HER2 × HER2 (Biparatopic) | Molecular Partners AG | (DARPin)4, 1 + 1 + 2 | I | NCT03084926 |
TG-1801, NI-1701 | CD19 × CD47 | NovImmune, TG Therapeutics | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 κλ body | I | NCT03804996 NCT04806035 |
Navicixizumab, OMP-305B83 | DLL4 × VEGF | OncoMed | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 common LC | I | NCT03035253 and 2 studies |
REGN5093 | MET × MET (Biparatopic) | Regeneron | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 | I/II | NCT04077099 |
Vanucizumab, RG7221, RO5520985 | Ang-2 × VEGF-A | Roche | Fab + Fab + Fc, 1 + 1 CrossMAb | II | NCT02665416 and 4 studies |
Zanidatamab, ZW25 | HER2 × HER2 (Biparatopic) | Zymeworks | Fab + scFv + Fc, 1 + 1 | II | NCT04224272 and 6 studies |
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You, G.; Won, J.; Lee, Y.; Moon, D.; Park, Y.; Lee, S.H.; Lee, S.-W. Bispecific Antibodies: A Smart Arsenal for Cancer Immunotherapies. Vaccines 2021, 9, 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070724
You G, Won J, Lee Y, Moon D, Park Y, Lee SH, Lee S-W. Bispecific Antibodies: A Smart Arsenal for Cancer Immunotherapies. Vaccines. 2021; 9(7):724. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070724
Chicago/Turabian StyleYou, Gihoon, Jonghwa Won, Yangsoon Lee, Dain Moon, Yunji Park, Sang Hoon Lee, and Seung-Woo Lee. 2021. "Bispecific Antibodies: A Smart Arsenal for Cancer Immunotherapies" Vaccines 9, no. 7: 724. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070724