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Article

Dry Formulation of Virus-Like Particles in Electrospun Nanofibers

by
Sasheen Dowlath
1,
Katrin Campbell
2,
Farah Al-Barwani
1,
Vivienne L. Young
1,
Sarah L. Young
2,3,
Greg F. Walker
4 and
Vernon K. Ward
1,*
1
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 720 Cumberland St, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
2
Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 720 Cumberland St, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
3
Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
4
School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, 720 Cumberland St, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2021, 9(3), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030213
Submission received: 22 January 2021 / Revised: 25 February 2021 / Accepted: 25 February 2021 / Published: 3 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development of Vaccines Based on Virus-Like Particles)
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Abstract

Biologics can be combined with liquid polymer materials and electrospun to produce a dry nanofibrous scaffold. Unlike spray-drying and freeze-drying, electrospinning minimizes the physiological stress on sensitive materials, and nanofiber mat properties such as hydrophobicity, solubility, and melting temperature can be tuned based on the polymer composition. In this study, we explored the dry formulation of a virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine by electrospinning VLP derived from rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus modified to carry the MHC-I gp100 tumor-associated antigen epitope. VLP were added to a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution (15% w/v) followed by electrospinning at 24 kV. Formation of a nanofibrous mat was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, and the presence of VLP was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and Western blot. VLP from the nanofibers induced T-cell activation and interferon- (IFN-) γ production in vitro. To confirm in vivo cytotoxicity, Pmel mice treated by injection with gp100 VLP from nanofibers induced a gp100 specific immune response, lysing approximately 65% of gp100-pulsed target cells, comparable to mice vaccinated with gp100 VLP in PBS. VLP from nanofibers also induced an antibody response. This work shows that electrospinning can be used to dry-formulate VLP, preserving both humoral and cell-mediated immunity.
Keywords: electrospinning; nanofiber; dry-formulation; virus-like particle; vaccine electrospinning; nanofiber; dry-formulation; virus-like particle; vaccine
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MDPI and ACS Style

Dowlath, S.; Campbell, K.; Al-Barwani, F.; Young, V.L.; Young, S.L.; Walker, G.F.; Ward, V.K. Dry Formulation of Virus-Like Particles in Electrospun Nanofibers. Vaccines 2021, 9, 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030213

AMA Style

Dowlath S, Campbell K, Al-Barwani F, Young VL, Young SL, Walker GF, Ward VK. Dry Formulation of Virus-Like Particles in Electrospun Nanofibers. Vaccines. 2021; 9(3):213. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030213

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dowlath, Sasheen, Katrin Campbell, Farah Al-Barwani, Vivienne L. Young, Sarah L. Young, Greg F. Walker, and Vernon K. Ward. 2021. "Dry Formulation of Virus-Like Particles in Electrospun Nanofibers" Vaccines 9, no. 3: 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030213

APA Style

Dowlath, S., Campbell, K., Al-Barwani, F., Young, V. L., Young, S. L., Walker, G. F., & Ward, V. K. (2021). Dry Formulation of Virus-Like Particles in Electrospun Nanofibers. Vaccines, 9(3), 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030213

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