Oral Cholera Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness
1.2. Cholera
1.3. Cholera Vaccines
2. Killed Whole-Cell Monovalent (O1) Vaccine with Cholera Toxin B Subunit (WC-CTB): Dukoral®
3. Killed Whole-Cell Bivalent (O1 and O139) Vaccines: ORC-VaxTM/mORCVAXTM, ShancholTM, Euvichol®/Euvichol-Plus
3.1. ORC-VaxTM
3.2. ShancholTM
3.2.1. Efficacy
3.2.2. Effectiveness
Effectiveness Studies in Outbreak Setting
Effectiveness Studies in Endemic Areas for a Preventive Intervention
3.3. Euvichol®/Euvichol-Plus
4. Live Attenuated Monovalent (O1) Vaccines: Orochol®/Mutacol®/Orochol-E®, Vaxchora®
5. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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WC | Strain | Serotype | Biotype | Inactivation | WC Monovalent Vaccine with or without CTB | WC Bivalent Vaccine | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Black 1987 Challenge Study | Clemens 1986 Matlab, Bangladesh | Sanchez 1994 Military Recruits, Peru | Taylor 2000 Pampas, Peru | Dukoral® | Hue, Vietnam | mORC-VAXTM ShancholTM Euvichol®/ Euvichol-Plus | ||||||||
Field Trial 1992 | Campaign 1998 | Campaign 2000 | ||||||||||||
O1 | Cairo 48 | Inaba | Classical | Heat | 5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 3.125 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | - | 300 |
Cairo 50 | Ogawa | Classical | Heat | 5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 3.125 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 300 | |
Cairo 50 | Ogawa | Classical | Formalin | - | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 3.125 × 1010 | - | - | - | 300 | |
Phil 6793 | Inaba | El Tor | Formalin | 1 × 1011 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 3.125 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 600 | |
569B | Inaba | Classical | Formalin | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | 2.5 × 1010 | - | |
O139 | 4260B | - | - | Formalin | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5.0 × 1010 | 5.0 × 1010 | 600 |
Total WC | 2.0 × 1011 | 1.0 × 1011 | 1.0 × 1011 | 1.0 × 1011 | 1.0 × 1011 | 1.25 × 1011 | 1.0 × 1011 | 1.5 × 1011 | 1.25 × 1011 | 2100 | ||||
CTB | Purified CTB | 5 mg | 1 mg | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Recombinant CTB | - | - | - | 1 mg | 1 mg | 1 mg | - | - | - | - |
Efficacy | Challenge Study 1 Month | Matlab, Bangladesh 12 Months * | Military Rrecruits, Peru 5 Months | Pampas, Peru 12 Months |
---|---|---|---|---|
WC-CTB | 64% | 62% | 86% | 0% |
WC | 56% | 58% | NA | |
Effectiveness | Beira, Mozambique 5 Months | Zanzibar, Tanzania 15 Month | ||
WC-CTB | 84% | 79% |
Area | Kolkata, India | Dhaka, Bangladesh | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Doses | 2 | 1 | |||
FollowUpDuration | 2 years | 3 years | 5 years | 6 months | 2 years |
Efficacy | 67% | 66% | 65% | 40% | 39% |
Area | Haiti | Guinea | Juba, Sudan | Lake Chilwa, Malawi | Lusaka, Zambia | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Port-Au-Prince | Bocozel and Grand Saline | ||||||
Number of Doses | 1 or 2 | 1 or 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 or 2 | 1 |
FollowupDuration Effectiveness | 37 M | 4–24 M | 4 Y | 6 M | 2 M | 3 M | 2 M |
97.5% | 63%, 58% a | 76% | 86.6% | 87.3% | 90.0% | 88.9% b |
Area. | Puri District, Odisha State, India | Dhaka, Bangladesh | |
---|---|---|---|
Number of Doses | 2 | 2 | |
Follow up Duration | 2 years | 2 years | 4 years |
Effectiveness | 69.0% | 37% | 36% |
Name of Live Attenuated OCV | Orochol®/ Mutacol | Orochol-E® | Vaxchora® | Orochol-E® | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Composition | 2 to 10 × 108 CFU [75] | ~5 × 109 CFU | 4 × 108 to 2 × 109 | ~5 × 109 CFU | |
Efficacy | Effectiveness | ||||
Area | Challenge study | North Jakarta, Indonesia | Challenge study | Pohnpei Island, Micronesia | |
Follow up Duration | 10 D, 1 M, 3 M | 4 Y | 10 D | 3 M | 3 M |
Effectiveness | 67.6% a | 14% | 90.3% | 79.5% | 79.2% |
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Song, K.R.; Lim, J.K.; Park, S.E.; Saluja, T.; Cho, S.-I.; Wartel, T.A.; Lynch, J. Oral Cholera Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness. Vaccines 2021, 9, 1482. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121482
Song KR, Lim JK, Park SE, Saluja T, Cho S-I, Wartel TA, Lynch J. Oral Cholera Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness. Vaccines. 2021; 9(12):1482. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121482
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong, Katerina Rok, Jacqueline Kyungah Lim, Se Eun Park, Tarun Saluja, Sung-Il Cho, Tram Anh Wartel, and Julia Lynch. 2021. "Oral Cholera Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness" Vaccines 9, no. 12: 1482. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121482
APA StyleSong, K. R., Lim, J. K., Park, S. E., Saluja, T., Cho, S. -I., Wartel, T. A., & Lynch, J. (2021). Oral Cholera Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness. Vaccines, 9(12), 1482. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9121482