Effectiveness and Impact of the 4CMenB Vaccine against Group B Meningococcal Disease in Two Italian Regions Using Different Vaccination Schedules: A Five-Year Retrospective Observational Study (2014–2018)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Setting
2.2. Vaccination Schedules and Coverage
2.3. Study Design
2.4. Case Definition
2.5. Laboratory Methods
2.6. Evaluation of Vaccine Effectiveness
VE = 1 1 − PCV
PPV
1 − PPV
2.7. Evaluation of Incidence and Impact of Vaccination
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Incidence of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Pre- and Post 4CMenB Era
3.2. Effectiveness of Vaccination
3.3. Impact of Vaccination in Tuscany and Veneto
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cohort Group by Age of Birth | Coverage % at 24 Months Per Year | |
---|---|---|
TUSCANY | VENETO | |
2017 | 84.9 (2019) | 84.7 (2019) |
2016 | 86.1 (2018) | 82.0 (2018) |
2015 | 88.1 (2017) | 78.6 (2017) |
2014 | 76.8 (2016) | n.a. |
Mean coverage | 83.9 | 81.7 |
(A) TUSCANY | |||||||||||||
2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
Age class | |||||||||||||
4–5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
3–4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
2–3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
1–2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
0–1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||
TOTAL | 3 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
(B) VENETO | |||||||||||||
2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | ||
Age class | |||||||||||||
3–4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
2–3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
1–2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
0–1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
TOTAL | 4 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
PRE—4CMenB | POST—4CMenB | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age Groups | Number of Cases | Incidence * (Cases/100.000) | Number of Cases | Vaccinated Cases | Crude Incidence * (Cases/100.000) | ASR | Crude Incidence on Vaccinated Cases | ASR on Vaccinated Cases | IRR | IRR on Vaccinated Cases | Overall Impact (%) | Total Impact (%) |
(A) TUSCANY | ||||||||||||
0–1 | 14 | 5.537 (5.44–5.62) | 2 | 1 | 1.452 (1.39–1.51) | 0.232 | 0.726 | 0.116 | 0.260 | 0.131 | 74% | 87% |
1–2 | 5 | 1.749 (1.70–1.80) | 1 | 0.887 (0.68–1.02) | 0.160 | 0.507 | 49% | |||||
2–3 | 2 | 0.631 (0.60–0.66) | 1 | 1.160 (1.00–1.50) | 0.232 | 1.838 | ||||||
3–4 | 7 | 2.007 (1.96–2.05) | 0 | |||||||||
4–5 | 3 | 0.789 (0.76–0.82) | 0 | |||||||||
TOTAL | 31 | 1.956 | 4 | 1 | 0.941 | 0.624 | 0.726 | 0.116 | 0.320 | 0.060 | 68% | 94% |
(B) VENETO | ||||||||||||
0–1 | 17 | 4.647 (4.33–4.97) | 3 | 1.956 (1.52–2.40) | 0.409 | 0.421 | 58% | |||||
1–2 | 6 | 1.447 (1.41–1.48) | 3 | 2 | 2.552 (2.46–2.64) | 0.605 | 0.851 | 0.200 | 1.764 | 0.590 | 41% | |
2–3 | 5 | 1.082 (1.05–1.11) | 1 | 1.253 (1.18–1.33) | 0.330 | 1.158 | ||||||
3–4 | 6 | 1.181 (1.15–1.21) | 0 | |||||||||
TOTAL | 34 | 1.942 | 7 | 2 | 1.789 | 1.344 | 0.851 | 0.200 | 0.692 | 0.103 | 31% | 90% |
Age Groups | Observed Cases | Vaccinated Cases | Expected Cases | SIR | SIR on Vaccinated Population | RCR | RCR on Vaccinated Population |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(A) TUSCANY | |||||||
0–1 | 2 | 1 | 7.628 | 0.262 | 0.131 | 0.738 | 0.869 |
1–2 | 1 | - | 1.972 | 0.507 | - | 0.493 | - |
2–3 | 1 | - | 0.544 | 1.838 | - | 0.838 | - |
3–4 | 0 | - | 1.180 | 0 | - | 1 | - |
4–5 | 0 | - | 0.234 | 0 | - | 1 | - |
TOTAL | 4 | 1 | 11.558 | 0.346 | 0.087 | 0.654 | 0.913 |
(B) VENETO | |||||||
0–1 | 3 | - | 7.128 | 0.421 | - | 0.579 | - |
1–2 | 3 | 2 | 1.701 | 1.764 | 1.176 | −0.764 | −0.176 |
2–3 | 1 | - | 0.864 | 1.158 | - | −0.158 | |
3–4 | 0 | - | 0.480 | 0 | - | 1 | |
TOTAL | 7 | 2 | 10.173 | 0.688 | 0.197 | 0.312 | 0.803 |
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Azzari, C.; Moriondo, M.; Nieddu, F.; Guarnieri, V.; Lodi, L.; Canessa, C.; Indolfi, G.; Giovannini, M.; Napoletano, G.; Russo, F.; et al. Effectiveness and Impact of the 4CMenB Vaccine against Group B Meningococcal Disease in Two Italian Regions Using Different Vaccination Schedules: A Five-Year Retrospective Observational Study (2014–2018). Vaccines 2020, 8, 469. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030469
Azzari C, Moriondo M, Nieddu F, Guarnieri V, Lodi L, Canessa C, Indolfi G, Giovannini M, Napoletano G, Russo F, et al. Effectiveness and Impact of the 4CMenB Vaccine against Group B Meningococcal Disease in Two Italian Regions Using Different Vaccination Schedules: A Five-Year Retrospective Observational Study (2014–2018). Vaccines. 2020; 8(3):469. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030469
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzzari, Chiara, Maria Moriondo, Francesco Nieddu, Valentina Guarnieri, Lorenzo Lodi, Clementina Canessa, Giuseppe Indolfi, Mattia Giovannini, Giuseppina Napoletano, Francesca Russo, and et al. 2020. "Effectiveness and Impact of the 4CMenB Vaccine against Group B Meningococcal Disease in Two Italian Regions Using Different Vaccination Schedules: A Five-Year Retrospective Observational Study (2014–2018)" Vaccines 8, no. 3: 469. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030469
APA StyleAzzari, C., Moriondo, M., Nieddu, F., Guarnieri, V., Lodi, L., Canessa, C., Indolfi, G., Giovannini, M., Napoletano, G., Russo, F., Baldovin, T., Cocchio, S., Ricci, S., & Baldo, V. (2020). Effectiveness and Impact of the 4CMenB Vaccine against Group B Meningococcal Disease in Two Italian Regions Using Different Vaccination Schedules: A Five-Year Retrospective Observational Study (2014–2018). Vaccines, 8(3), 469. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030469