ImmunizziAMO: A School-Based Field Trial to Teach New Generations the Importance of Vaccination through Games and to Fight Vaccine Hesitancy in Italy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- to increase knowledge about communicable diseases and the concept of herd immunity;
- to make vaccination understood as a prevention tool;
- to change behaviors through reliable sources of information;
- to promote the achievement of high vaccination coverage.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Day 1
- Are bacteria and viruses dangerous?
- How do you defend the human body from bacteria and viruses?
- What do antibodies do?
- What does the vaccine do to the child?
- Do you think the vaccine protects against disease?
- How long does the vaccine protect you?
- Does the mother pass antibodies to her child?
- Do you think vaccinated children protect unvaccinated children?
2.2. Day 2
2.3. Day 3
- “I defend myself” to find out how the immune memory generated by the vaccine works. A puzzle game explaining how the antibody binds to the antigen.
- “If I protect myself, I protect you” about the concept of herd immunity consisting of a game of stamps and inks to create a poster to take to school.
- “I wash my hands” on the importance of washing hands. It was explained how long do germs and bacteria live? The concept of contamination was shown with Petri dishes and microscopes
- “I present to you the vaccine” a fun quiz to learn together how to defend ourselves by developing defenses immunity. At the end of the game, a certificate was given to everyone.
2.4. Sample Size and Statistical Analysis
- Mean score pre-intervention: 4.00 points
- Mean score pre-intervention: 5.00 points
- SD: 2.00 points
- Significance: 0.05
- Power: 80%
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Analysis of the Sample
3.2. Analysis of Knowledge
4. Discussion
- game-based health promotion interventions are effective with young children, as well as adolescents and young adults;
- game-based health promotion interventions can be tailored to educate about infectious diseases;
- positive effects on mental health and social behavior of children to be taken into account;
- long-and short-term interventions may gain similar efficacy.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Ethical Statement
Note
References
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Question | Pre-Intervention | Post-Intervention |
---|---|---|
1 | 83 (48.5%) | 115 (80.3%) |
2 | 57 (33.3%) | 91 (63.9%) |
3 | 75 (43.9%) | 108 (75.5%) |
4 | 102 (59.6%) | 114 (79.6%) |
5 | 60 (35.1%) | 75 (52.7%) |
6 | 94 (55%) | 105 (73.3%) |
7 | 57 (33.3%) | 114 (79.6%) |
8 | 67 (39.2%) | 130 (91%) |
Group | Mean | SD | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
First classes | 2.55 | 2.23 | 0.619 |
Second classes | 2.36 | 2.12 | |
Podere Rosa school | 2.41 | 2.18 | 0.666 |
San Cleto school | 2.61 | 2.17 | |
Females | 2.58 | 2.33 | 0.740 |
Males | 2.32 | 2.06 |
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La Torre, G.; D’Egidio, V.; Sestili, C.; Cocchiara, R.A.; Cianfanelli, S.; Di Bella, O.; Lia, L.; Dorelli, B.; Cammalleri, V.; Backhaus, I.; Pagano, F.; Anguissola, C.; Vitiello, A.; Carsetti, R.; Mannocci, A.; Giochiamo Collaborative Group. ImmunizziAMO: A School-Based Field Trial to Teach New Generations the Importance of Vaccination through Games and to Fight Vaccine Hesitancy in Italy. Vaccines 2020, 8, 280. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020280
La Torre G, D’Egidio V, Sestili C, Cocchiara RA, Cianfanelli S, Di Bella O, Lia L, Dorelli B, Cammalleri V, Backhaus I, Pagano F, Anguissola C, Vitiello A, Carsetti R, Mannocci A, Giochiamo Collaborative Group. ImmunizziAMO: A School-Based Field Trial to Teach New Generations the Importance of Vaccination through Games and to Fight Vaccine Hesitancy in Italy. Vaccines. 2020; 8(2):280. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020280
Chicago/Turabian StyleLa Torre, Giuseppe, Valeria D’Egidio, Cristina Sestili, Rosario Andrea Cocchiara, Sara Cianfanelli, Ornella Di Bella, Lorenza Lia, Barbara Dorelli, Vittoria Cammalleri, Insa Backhaus, Federica Pagano, Chiara Anguissola, Amelia Vitiello, Rita Carsetti, Alice Mannocci, and Giochiamo Collaborative Group. 2020. "ImmunizziAMO: A School-Based Field Trial to Teach New Generations the Importance of Vaccination through Games and to Fight Vaccine Hesitancy in Italy" Vaccines 8, no. 2: 280. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020280