Tumor Microenvironment Metabolism: A New Checkpoint for Anti-Tumor Immunity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Metabolism in the Tumor Microenvironment
3. Metabolic Regulation of T Cells
3.1. T Cells Change Their Metabolic Demands upon Activation
3.2. T Cells Utilize Nutrient Sensing to Dictate Their Differentiation
4. Metabolism of T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment
4.1. T Cell Co-Inhibitory Signaling and Metabolism
4.2. Low Glucose and T Cell Function
4.3. Hypoxia and Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Function
4.4. TME Metabolites and Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Function
4.5. Mitochondria and Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Function
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scharping, N.E.; Delgoffe, G.M. Tumor Microenvironment Metabolism: A New Checkpoint for Anti-Tumor Immunity. Vaccines 2016, 4, 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines4040046
Scharping NE, Delgoffe GM. Tumor Microenvironment Metabolism: A New Checkpoint for Anti-Tumor Immunity. Vaccines. 2016; 4(4):46. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines4040046
Chicago/Turabian StyleScharping, Nicole E., and Greg M. Delgoffe. 2016. "Tumor Microenvironment Metabolism: A New Checkpoint for Anti-Tumor Immunity" Vaccines 4, no. 4: 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines4040046