Next Article in Journal
A Case Report of a Novel Alpha-Synuclein Vaccine (TRB-001) in a Parkinson’s Patient: Safe Administration and Induction of a High-Titer, High-Avidity Functional Antibody Response
Previous Article in Journal
Safety, Immunogenicity of Co-Administered Vaccines, and Lot-to-Lot Consistency of a 14-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PNEUBEVAX 14®) Administered at 6–10–14 Weeks in Healthy Infants: A Multicenter, Phase IV Trial
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Vaccines
Volume 14
Issue 6
10.3390/vaccines14060465
vaccines-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Hospital-Based Models of Immunization for High-Risk Subjects in Lombardy (Italy): A Region-Wide Assessment of Implementation and Progress

by
Rosaria Iardino
1,
Danilo Cereda
2,
Simona Scarioni
2,3,
Elisa Sala
1,*,
Francesco Cervellera
4,
Sara Russo
4,
Riccardo Vecchio
4,5,
Maria Virginia Coscarelli
6,
Giuliano Rizzardini
7,
Alessandro Venturi
7,8,9,
Luisa Brogonzoli
1,
Catia Rosanna Borriello
2,3 and
Anna Odone
4,8
1
Fondazione The Bridge, 20144 Milan, Italy
2
Directorate General for Health, Lombardy Region, 20124 Milan, Italy
3
Vaccination Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20131 Milan, Italy
4
Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
5
Medical Direction, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
6
Faculty of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
7
Centro Studi Bridge For Future, 27100 Pavia, Italy
8
Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
9
Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2026, 14(6), 465; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14060465
Submission received: 14 April 2026 / Revised: 15 May 2026 / Accepted: 20 May 2026 / Published: 22 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Vaccines and Public Health)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: In the context of a multi-stakeholder program promoted by Regione Lombardia in collaboration with Fondazione The Bridge and the University of Pavia, the present study investigates the organization and availability of hospital-based vaccination services for high-risk patients. Framing hospitals as strategic hubs for vaccination delivery, the study aimed to map service availability, operational settings and dedicated pathways across the region. Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered in 2025 to 40 healthcare organizations, encompassing 114 hospital facilities, including Local Health and Social Care Authorities (ASSTs) and both public and private Scientific Institutes for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCSs). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed, and findings were compared with those from the 2023 and 2024 editions of the same survey, developed within the “Vaccination—an opportunity for high-risk patients” project, using Pearson’s chi-square test. Results: In 2025, 99 facilities (86.8% of respondents) reported providing vaccination services for at-risk individuals. Dedicated vaccination pathways were generally available in more than 50% of facilities for nearly two-thirds of the risk categories considered. Vaccination services for diabetic patients were available in 70.7% of facilities. Among healthcare workers, influenza (93%) and SARS-CoV-2 (89.5%) vaccines were the most frequently offered, with rates approximately ten percentage points higher than those of other vaccines. Conclusions: Overall, these findings indicate a regional model progressively consolidating hospital-based vaccination for high-risk groups, with a consistent upward trend in service availability from 2023 to 2025.
Keywords: hospital-based vaccinations; life-course immunization; high-risk subjects; regional analysis; healthcare services; Italy hospital-based vaccinations; life-course immunization; high-risk subjects; regional analysis; healthcare services; Italy

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Iardino, R.; Cereda, D.; Scarioni, S.; Sala, E.; Cervellera, F.; Russo, S.; Vecchio, R.; Coscarelli, M.V.; Rizzardini, G.; Venturi, A.; et al. Hospital-Based Models of Immunization for High-Risk Subjects in Lombardy (Italy): A Region-Wide Assessment of Implementation and Progress. Vaccines 2026, 14, 465. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14060465

AMA Style

Iardino R, Cereda D, Scarioni S, Sala E, Cervellera F, Russo S, Vecchio R, Coscarelli MV, Rizzardini G, Venturi A, et al. Hospital-Based Models of Immunization for High-Risk Subjects in Lombardy (Italy): A Region-Wide Assessment of Implementation and Progress. Vaccines. 2026; 14(6):465. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14060465

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iardino, Rosaria, Danilo Cereda, Simona Scarioni, Elisa Sala, Francesco Cervellera, Sara Russo, Riccardo Vecchio, Maria Virginia Coscarelli, Giuliano Rizzardini, Alessandro Venturi, and et al. 2026. "Hospital-Based Models of Immunization for High-Risk Subjects in Lombardy (Italy): A Region-Wide Assessment of Implementation and Progress" Vaccines 14, no. 6: 465. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14060465

APA Style

Iardino, R., Cereda, D., Scarioni, S., Sala, E., Cervellera, F., Russo, S., Vecchio, R., Coscarelli, M. V., Rizzardini, G., Venturi, A., Brogonzoli, L., Borriello, C. R., & Odone, A. (2026). Hospital-Based Models of Immunization for High-Risk Subjects in Lombardy (Italy): A Region-Wide Assessment of Implementation and Progress. Vaccines, 14(6), 465. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14060465

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop