Severity of Omicron Subvariants and Vaccine Impact in Catalonia, Spain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Review of the Epidemiological Data and Estimation of Variant Prevalence
2.2. Epidemiological Trends: Hospitalizations and Deaths
2.3. Definition of Emergence and Dominance Periods
2.4. Severity Metrics by Vaccination Status and Reduction in Severity Calculation
3. Results
3.1. Severity during Emergence and Dominance Periods of Variants
3.2. Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Stratified by Vaccination Status
3.3. Reduction in Severity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cases | Hospitalizations | Deaths Due to COVID-19 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | |
By sex | ||||||
Male | 80,138 | 42.7 | 5079 | 55.7 | 434 | 52.6 |
Female | 107,584 | 57.3 | 4045 | 44.3 | 391 | 47.4 |
By age group | ||||||
60–69 | 66,002 | 35.2 | 1415 | 15.5 | 61 | 7.4 |
70–79 | 68,135 | 36.3 | 2800 | 30.7 | 151 | 18.3 |
80+ | 53,585 | 28.5 | 4909 | 53.8 | 613 | 74.3 |
By variant | ||||||
BA.1 | 39,980 | 21.3 | 1511 | 16.6 | 269 | 32.6 |
BA.2 | 47,829 | 25.5 | 1589 | 17.4 | 158 | 19.2 |
BA.5 | 75,636 | 40.3 | 3635 | 39.8 | 355 | 43.0 |
BQ.1 | 24,277 | 12.9 | 2389 | 26.2 | 43 | 5.2 |
By vaccination status | ||||||
<90 days | 39,461 | 21.0 | 1351 | 14.8 | 131 | 15.9 |
90–179 days | 49,643 | 26.4 | 1608 | 17.6 | 154 | 18.7 |
180–269 days | 58,184 | 31.0 | 2853 | 31.3 | 283 | 34.3 |
>270 days | 30,869 | 16.4 | 2419 | 26.5 | 136 | 16.5 |
Not vaccinated | 9565 | 5.1 | 893 | 9.8 | 121 | 14.7 |
Average Cases/Day | Average Hospitalizations/Day | Average Deaths/Day (Due to COVID-19) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
60–69 | 70–79 | >80 | 60–69 | 70–79 | >80 | 60–69 | 70–79 | >80 | |
BA.1 emergence | 192.1 | 117.4 | 70.8 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 5.9 | 0.15 | 0.33 | 1.37 |
BA.1 dominance | 287.3 | 282.0 | 198.4 | 4.1 | 8.2 | 16.0 | 0.14 | 0.77 | 2.97 |
BA.2 emergence | 203.4 | 171.2 | 107.5 | 2.7 | 5.3 | 9.5 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 0.84 |
BA.2 dominance | 201.8 | 217.6 | 143.5 | 2.6 | 5.2 | 9.2 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 0.77 |
BA.5 emergence | 277.4 | 321.2 | 276.6 | 5.1 | 12.0 | 22.4 | 0.12 | 0.28 | 2.00 |
BA.5 dominance | 46.1 | 53.7 | 56.4 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 5.9 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.53 |
BQ.1 emergence | 77.4 | 92.6 | 79.9 | 3.3 | 6.7 | 9.9 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.28 |
BQ.1 dominance | 31.9 | 37.7 | 45.5 | 3.2 | 5.9 | 9.6 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
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de Rioja, V.L.; Basile, L.; Perramon-Malavez, A.; Martínez-Solanas, É.; López, D.; Medina Maestro, S.; Coma, E.; Fina, F.; Prats, C.; Mendioroz Peña, J.; et al. Severity of Omicron Subvariants and Vaccine Impact in Catalonia, Spain. Vaccines 2024, 12, 466. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050466
de Rioja VL, Basile L, Perramon-Malavez A, Martínez-Solanas É, López D, Medina Maestro S, Coma E, Fina F, Prats C, Mendioroz Peña J, et al. Severity of Omicron Subvariants and Vaccine Impact in Catalonia, Spain. Vaccines. 2024; 12(5):466. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050466
Chicago/Turabian Stylede Rioja, Víctor López, Luca Basile, Aida Perramon-Malavez, Érica Martínez-Solanas, Daniel López, Sergio Medina Maestro, Ermengol Coma, Francesc Fina, Clara Prats, Jacobo Mendioroz Peña, and et al. 2024. "Severity of Omicron Subvariants and Vaccine Impact in Catalonia, Spain" Vaccines 12, no. 5: 466. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050466
APA Stylede Rioja, V. L., Basile, L., Perramon-Malavez, A., Martínez-Solanas, É., López, D., Medina Maestro, S., Coma, E., Fina, F., Prats, C., Mendioroz Peña, J., & Alvarez-Lacalle, E. (2024). Severity of Omicron Subvariants and Vaccine Impact in Catalonia, Spain. Vaccines, 12(5), 466. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050466