Impact of Maternal Antibodies on Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Infection in Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Organs of Chickens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Virus and the Animals
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Techniques
2.3.1. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.3.2. RNA Extraction and Complimentary Deoxy Ribonucleic Acid (cDNA) Synthesis
2.3.3. IBV Genome Load Quantification by Quantitative Polymerase Reaction (qPCR) assay
2.3.4. Immunohistochemistry Technique
2.3.5. Histopathology
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Serology
3.2. IBV Shedding
3.3. IBV Genome Loads in Tissues
3.4. IBV Nuclear Antigen in Tissues
3.5. Histopathology
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Organ | Scoring Criteria |
---|---|
Trachea | Loss of cilia Epithelial cell degeneration and necrosis Mononuclear cell aggregation in lamina propria Hyperplasia of lining epithelium Loss of mucosa |
Lung | Bronchitis Focal lymphoplasmocytic infiltration Diffuse lymphoplasmocytic infiltration Parabronchitis |
Kidney | Tubular necrosis Focal lymphoplasmocytic infiltration Diffuse lymphoplasmocytic infiltration Focal lymphoid follicle aggregation Gout |
BF | Depletion of lymphoid follicles Epithelial lining hyperplasia with squamous cell metaplasia Epithelial lining degeneration and necrosis |
Thymus | Depletion of the cortical lymphocyte density or relative thickness to the medulla Thymus hemorrhage |
Spleen | Hyperplasia or hypertrophy in the ellipsoids Lymphoidal apoptosis or necrosis Sinusoidal congestion |
CT | Lymphoepithelial degeneration and necrosis Subepithelial zone inflammatory cell infiltration Lymphoid apoptosis and necrosis in germinal centers |
Pancreas | Acinar cell necrosis Lymphoid infiltration Ductal dilation with inflammatory cell infiltration |
Duodenum | Epithelial degeneration and necrosis Lymphoid infiltration in the lamina propria Submucosal lymphoid cell infiltration |
Trachea | Lung | Kidney | BF | CT | Spleen | Thymus | Duodenum | Pancreas | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NVNC | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 |
VC | 5/8 | 2/8 | 8/8 | 7/8 | 7/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 1/8 | 0/8 |
NVC | 6/8 | 2/8 | 8/8 | 8/8 | 8/8 | 3/8 | 0/8 | 3/8 | 1/8 |
VNC | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 |
Trachea | Lung | Kidney | BF | CT | Spleen | Thymus | Duodenum | Pancreas | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NVNC | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 |
VC | 7/8 | 0/8 | 7/8 | 8/8 | 8/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 1/8 | 0/8 |
NVC | 8/8 | 5/8 | 7/8 | 8/8 | 8/8 | 2/8 | 1/8 | 3/8 | 0/8 |
VNC | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 | 0/8 |
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Share and Cite
Isham, I.M.; Hassan, M.S.H.; Abd-Elsalam, R.M.; Ranaweera, H.A.; Mahmoud, M.E.; Najimudeen, S.M.; Ghaffar, A.; Cork, S.C.; Gupta, A.; Abdul-Careem, M.F. Impact of Maternal Antibodies on Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Infection in Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Organs of Chickens. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1216. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071216
Isham IM, Hassan MSH, Abd-Elsalam RM, Ranaweera HA, Mahmoud ME, Najimudeen SM, Ghaffar A, Cork SC, Gupta A, Abdul-Careem MF. Impact of Maternal Antibodies on Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Infection in Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Organs of Chickens. Vaccines. 2023; 11(7):1216. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071216
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsham, Ishara M., Mohamed S. H. Hassan, Reham M. Abd-Elsalam, Hiruni A. Ranaweera, Motamed E. Mahmoud, Shahnas M. Najimudeen, Awais Ghaffar, Susan C. Cork, Ashish Gupta, and Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem. 2023. "Impact of Maternal Antibodies on Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Infection in Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Organs of Chickens" Vaccines 11, no. 7: 1216. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071216