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Volume 11
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10.3390/vaccines11040867
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Article

Genomic Analysis of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Nigeria: Identification of Unique Mutations of Yet Unknown Biological Functions in Both Segments A and B

by
Ijeoma Nwagbo
1,
Adelaide Milani
2,
Annalisa Salviato
2,
Gianpiero Zamperin
2,
Lanre Sulaiman
1,
Nanven Maurice
1,
Clement Meseko
1,
Alice Fusaro
2 and
Ismaila Shittu
1,*
1
National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom 930010, Nigeria
2
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2023, 11(4), 867; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040867
Submission received: 14 March 2023 / Revised: 10 April 2023 / Accepted: 13 April 2023 / Published: 19 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging and Reemerging Viral Infection, Immunopathogenesis and Diagnosis of Viral Infection, and Development of the Novel Antiviral Strategies)
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Abstract

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a viral poultry disease known worldwide for impacting the economy and food security. The disease is endemic in Nigeria, with reported outbreaks in vaccinated poultry flocks. To gain insight into the dynamics of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) evolution in Nigeria, near-complete genomes of four IBDVs were evaluated. Amino acid sequences in the hypervariable region of the VP2 revealed conserved markers (222A, 242I, 256I, 294I and 299S) associated with very virulent (vv) IBDV, including the serine-rich heptapeptide motif (SWSASGS). Based on the newly proposed classification for segments A and B, the IBDVs clustered in the A3B5 group (where A3 are IBDVs with vvIBDV-like segment A, and where B5 are from non-vvIBDV-like segment B) form a monophyletic subcluster. Unique amino acid mutations with yet-to-be-determined biological functions have been observed in both segments. Amino acid sequences of the Nigerian IBDVs showed that they are reassortant viruses. Circulation of reassortant IBDVs may be responsible for the vaccination failures observed in the Nigerian poultry population. Close monitoring of changes in the IBDV genome is recommended to nip deleterious changes in the bud through the identification and introduction of the most appropriate vaccine candidates and advocacy/extension programs for properly implementing disease control.
Keywords: genome sequence; infectious bursal disease virus; Nigeria; phylogenetic analysis; poultry; segments A and B genome sequence; infectious bursal disease virus; Nigeria; phylogenetic analysis; poultry; segments A and B

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nwagbo, I.; Milani, A.; Salviato, A.; Zamperin, G.; Sulaiman, L.; Maurice, N.; Meseko, C.; Fusaro, A.; Shittu, I. Genomic Analysis of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Nigeria: Identification of Unique Mutations of Yet Unknown Biological Functions in Both Segments A and B. Vaccines 2023, 11, 867. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040867

AMA Style

Nwagbo I, Milani A, Salviato A, Zamperin G, Sulaiman L, Maurice N, Meseko C, Fusaro A, Shittu I. Genomic Analysis of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Nigeria: Identification of Unique Mutations of Yet Unknown Biological Functions in Both Segments A and B. Vaccines. 2023; 11(4):867. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040867

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nwagbo, Ijeoma, Adelaide Milani, Annalisa Salviato, Gianpiero Zamperin, Lanre Sulaiman, Nanven Maurice, Clement Meseko, Alice Fusaro, and Ismaila Shittu. 2023. "Genomic Analysis of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Nigeria: Identification of Unique Mutations of Yet Unknown Biological Functions in Both Segments A and B" Vaccines 11, no. 4: 867. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040867

APA Style

Nwagbo, I., Milani, A., Salviato, A., Zamperin, G., Sulaiman, L., Maurice, N., Meseko, C., Fusaro, A., & Shittu, I. (2023). Genomic Analysis of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in Nigeria: Identification of Unique Mutations of Yet Unknown Biological Functions in Both Segments A and B. Vaccines, 11(4), 867. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040867

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