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Article

Occurrence and Risk Factors of Relapse Activity after Vaccination against COVID-19 in People with Multiple Sclerosis: 1-Year Follow-Up Results from a Nationwide Longitudinal Observational Study

by
Firas Fneish
1,
Niklas Frahm
1,2,*,
Melanie Peters
1,3,
David Ellenberger
1,
Judith Haas
4,
Micha Löbermann
5,
Dieter Pöhlau
4,
Anna-Lena Röper
1,4,
Sarah Schilling
1,
Alexander Stahmann
1,
Herbert Temmes
4,
Friedemann Paul
6,7,8,† and
Uwe K. Zettl
2,†
1
MS Forschungs- und Projektentwicklungs-gGmbH (MS Research and Project Development gGmbH [MSFP]), German MS Registry, 30171 Hannover, Germany
2
Neuroimmunological Section, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
3
Gesellschaft für Versorgungsforschung mbH (Society for Health Care Research [GfV]), German MS Registry, 30171 Hannover, Germany
4
Deutsche Multiple Sklerose Gesellschaft, Bundesverband e.V. (German MS Society Federal Association [DMSG]), 30171 Hannover, Germany
5
Department of Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Nephrology, University Medical Center of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
6
Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Joint Cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, The Charité Medical Faculty, Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
7
Department of Neurology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
8
NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Vaccines 2023, 11(12), 1859; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121859
Submission received: 8 November 2023 / Revised: 11 December 2023 / Accepted: 12 December 2023 / Published: 16 December 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safety and Autoimmune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination)
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Abstract

Several studies reported post-SARS-CoV-2-vaccination (PV) symptoms. Even people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have concerns about disease activity following the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We aimed to determine the proportion of PwMS with PV relapses, the PV annualized relapse rate (ARR), the time from vaccination to subsequent relapses, and identify sociodemographic/clinical risk factors for PV relapses. PwMS were surveyed several times at baseline and four follow-ups as part of a longitudinal observational study regarding the safety and tolerability of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The inclusion criteria for this analysis were age ≥18 years, ≥1 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and ≥1-year observation period since initial vaccination. Of 2466 PwMS, 13.8% reported PV relapses (mostly after second [N = 147] or booster vaccination [N = 145]) at a median of 8.0 (first/third quantile: 3.55/18.1) weeks PV, with the shortest period following initial vaccination (3.95 weeks). The ARR was 0.153 (95% confidence interval: 0.138–0.168), with a median observation period since initial vaccination of 1.2 years. Risk factors for PV relapses were younger age, female gender, moderate-severe disability levels, concurrent autoimmune diseases, relapsing-remitting MS courses, no DMT, and relapses within the year prior to the first vaccination. Patients’ health conditions before/during initial vaccination may play a more important role in PV relapse occurrence than vaccination per se.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; vaccination; multiple sclerosis; relapse; side effects SARS-CoV-2; vaccination; multiple sclerosis; relapse; side effects

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Fneish, F.; Frahm, N.; Peters, M.; Ellenberger, D.; Haas, J.; Löbermann, M.; Pöhlau, D.; Röper, A.-L.; Schilling, S.; Stahmann, A.; et al. Occurrence and Risk Factors of Relapse Activity after Vaccination against COVID-19 in People with Multiple Sclerosis: 1-Year Follow-Up Results from a Nationwide Longitudinal Observational Study. Vaccines 2023, 11, 1859. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121859

AMA Style

Fneish F, Frahm N, Peters M, Ellenberger D, Haas J, Löbermann M, Pöhlau D, Röper A-L, Schilling S, Stahmann A, et al. Occurrence and Risk Factors of Relapse Activity after Vaccination against COVID-19 in People with Multiple Sclerosis: 1-Year Follow-Up Results from a Nationwide Longitudinal Observational Study. Vaccines. 2023; 11(12):1859. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121859

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fneish, Firas, Niklas Frahm, Melanie Peters, David Ellenberger, Judith Haas, Micha Löbermann, Dieter Pöhlau, Anna-Lena Röper, Sarah Schilling, Alexander Stahmann, and et al. 2023. "Occurrence and Risk Factors of Relapse Activity after Vaccination against COVID-19 in People with Multiple Sclerosis: 1-Year Follow-Up Results from a Nationwide Longitudinal Observational Study" Vaccines 11, no. 12: 1859. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121859

APA Style

Fneish, F., Frahm, N., Peters, M., Ellenberger, D., Haas, J., Löbermann, M., Pöhlau, D., Röper, A.-L., Schilling, S., Stahmann, A., Temmes, H., Paul, F., & Zettl, U. K. (2023). Occurrence and Risk Factors of Relapse Activity after Vaccination against COVID-19 in People with Multiple Sclerosis: 1-Year Follow-Up Results from a Nationwide Longitudinal Observational Study. Vaccines, 11(12), 1859. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121859

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