Did Italy Really Need Compulsory Vaccination against COVID-19 for Healthcare Workers? Results of a Survey in a Centre for Maternal and Child Health
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- personal and professional characteristics (demographic data, professional profile, working environment with high or no infectious risk, state of health);
- perception of the pandemic (main sources of information, personal opinion of the pandemic’s impact on the population);
- anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (perception of risks and benefits of vaccination, reasons for choosing or refusing to join the vaccination campaign);
- optional section (impact of the pandemic on the personal sphere).
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Total Sample (n = 130) | Healthcare Workers/Profession | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physicians (n = 38) | Nurses (n = 58) | Other HCWs (n = 34) | p-Value | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Age | 0.192 | ||||||||
</= 30 | 24 | 18.5% | 4 | 10.5% | 11 | 19.0% | 9 | 26.5% | |
31–40 | 29 | 22.3% | 12 | 31.6% | 12 | 20.7% | 5 | 14.7% | |
41–50 | 34 | 26.2% | 12 | 31.6% | 14 | 24.1% | 8 | 23.5% | |
51–60 | 39 | 30.0% | 8 | 21.1% | 21 | 36.2% | 10 | 29.4% | |
>60 | 4 | 3.1% | 2 | 5.3% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 5.9% | |
Sex | 0.007 | ||||||||
Male | 33 | 25.4% | 17 | 44.7% | 10 | 17.2% | 6 | 17.6% | |
Female | 97 | 74.6% | 21 | 55.3% | 48 | 82.8% | 28 | 82.4% | |
Does your profession put you in direct contact with patients? | <0.001 | ||||||||
Yes | 96 | 73.8% | 34 | 89.5% | 48 | 82.8% | 14 | 41.2% | |
No | 34 | 26.2% | 4 | 10.5% | 10 | 17.2% | 20 | 58.8% | |
Have you worked in units with COVID-19 patients since the beginning of the COVID-19 emergency? | <0.001 | ||||||||
Yes | 75 | 57.7% | 28 | 73.7% | 37 | 63.8% | 10 | 29.4% | |
No | 55 | 42.3% | 10 | 26.3% | 21 | 36.2% | 24 | 70.6% | |
Do you have a disease that prevented you from receiving the vaccine? (NB: This question takes into consideration one or more known conditions that have caused either your general practitioner OR the doctor present at the vaccination hub to deny you the possibility of being vaccinated) | na | ||||||||
Yes | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | |
No | 130 | 100.0% | 38 | 100.0% | 58 | 100.0% | 34 | 100.0% |
Characteristic | Total Sample (n = 130) | Healthcare Workers/Profession | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physicians (n = 38) | Nurses (n = 58) | Other HCWs (n = 34) | p-Value | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Have you tested positive for COVID-19 in the past? | 0.634 | ||||||||
Yes | 46 | 35.4% | 11 | 28.9% | 22 | 37.9% | 13 | 38.2% | |
No | 84 | 64.6% | 27 | 71.1% | 36 | 62.1% | 21 | 61.8% | |
Are you currently positive for COVID-19? | na | ||||||||
Yes | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | |
No | 130 | 100.0% | 38 | 100.0% | 58 | 100.0% | 34 | 100.0% | |
If you have tested/are currently positive for COVID-19, have you had/are you suffering from a form of infection that is: | 0.438 | ||||||||
Asymptomatic | 6 | 4.6% | 0 | 0.0% | 5 | 8.6% | 1 | 2.9% | |
Mild symptomatic (common symptomatology of COVID-19 infection without the need for hospitalization) | 31 | 23.8% | 7 | 18.4% | 13 | 22.4% | 11 | 32.4% | |
Severe symptoms (symptoms linked to COVID-19 infection with the need for assistance/hospitalization) | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0.0% | |
Symptomatic with sequelae | 1 | 0.8% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 1.7% | 0 | 0.0% | |
Are there people among your acquaintances (relatives and close friends) who tested/are currently positive for the COVID-19 test? | 1.000 | ||||||||
Yes | 117 | 90.0% | 35 | 92.1% | 52 | 89.7% | 30 | 88.2% | |
No | 12 | 9.2% | 3 | 7.9% | 6 | 10.3% | 3 | 8.8% | |
Are there people among your acquaintances (relatives and close friends) who died from COVID-19 infection? | 0.498 | ||||||||
Yes | 30 | 23.1% | 11 | 28.9% | 11 | 19.0% | 8 | 23.5% | |
No | 100 | 76.9% | 27 | 71.1% | 47 | 81.0% | 26 | 76.5% |
Characteristic | Total Sample (n = 130) | Healthcare Workers/Profession | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physicians (n = 38) | Nurses (n = 58) | Other HCWs (n = 34) | p-Value | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
What is your main source of information on the COVID-19 pandemic? | 0.044 | ||||||||
Only scientific literature | 28 | 21.5% | 11 | 28.9% | 8 | 13.8% | 9 | 26.5% | |
Only scientific meetings | 9 | 6.9% | 2 | 5.3% | 7 | 12.1% | 0 | 0.0% | |
Scientific literature and meetings | 14 | 10.8% | 6 | 15.8% | 5 | 8.6% | 3 | 8.8% | |
Only media (news/television programs)/Internet and social media | 26 | 20.0% | 4 | 10.5% | 14 | 24.1% | 8 | 23.5% | |
Scientific sources and media | 51 | 39.2% | 15 | 39.5% | 23 | 39.7% | 13 | 38.2% | |
Other | 2 | 1.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 1.7% | 1 | 2.9% | |
Do you think the number of cases and deaths has been overestimated? | 0.050 | ||||||||
Yes | 39 | 30.0% | 6 | 15.8% | 19 | 32.8% | 14 | 41.2% | |
No | 91 | 70.0% | 32 | 84.2% | 39 | 67.2% | 20 | 58.8% | |
Do you think that the complications derived from COVID-19 infection can have a serious impact on people’s health? | 0.642 | ||||||||
Yes | 116 | 89.2% | 35 | 92.1% | 52 | 89.7% | 29 | 85.3% | |
No | 14 | 10.8% | 3 | 7.9% | 6 | 10.3% | 5 | 14.7% | |
In your opinion, for the entire population, without delving into a specific area (health, economy, etc.), how serious is COVID-19 on a scale from 1 to 10? | 0.430 | ||||||||
Not severe (0–4) | 7 | 5.4% | 0 | 0.0% | 5 | 8.6% | 2 | 5.9% | |
Moderately severe (5–6) | 44 | 33.8% | 13 | 34.2% | 18 | 31.0% | 13 | 38.2% | |
Very severe (7–10) | 79 | 60.8% | 25 | 65.8% | 35 | 60.3% | 19 | 55.9% |
Characteristic | Total Sample (n = 130) | Healthcare Workers/Profession | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physicians (n = 38) | Nurses (n = 58) | Other HCWs (n = 34) | p-Value | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Do you receive the flu vaccination annually? | 0.003 | ||||||||
Yes | 69 | 53.1% | 29 | 76.3% | 25 | 43.1% | 15 | 44.1% | |
No | 61 | 46.9% | 9 | 23.7% | 33 | 56.9% | 19 | 55.9% | |
Do you advise your patients to receive the recommended vaccinations (e.g., anti-flu at > 60 years)? | <0.001 | ||||||||
Always | 55 | 42.3% | 26 | 68.4% | 23 | 39.7% | 6 | 17.6% | |
Sometimes | 22 | 16.9% | 3 | 7.9% | 13 | 22.4% | 6 | 17.6% | |
Never | 5 | 3.8% | 0 | 0.0% | 5 | 8.6% | 0 | 0.0% | |
It is not part of my professional duties | 48 | 36.9% | 9 | 23.7% | 17 | 29.3% | 22 | 64.7% | |
Do you believe in science for the development of new, safe, and effective vaccines? | 0.615 | ||||||||
Yes | 127 | 97.7% | 38 | 100.0% | 56 | 96.6% | 33 | 97.1% | |
No | 3 | 2.3% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 3.4% | 1 | 2.9% | |
Do you believe that the safety of a vaccine developed during an emergency can be guaranteed? | 0.008 | ||||||||
Yes | 108 | 83.1% | 37 | 97.4% | 44 | 75.9% | 27 | 79.4% | |
No | 22 | 16.9% | 1 | 2.6% | 14 | 24.1% | 7 | 20.6% | |
Do you believe that the vaccine against the COVID-19 virus will be useful for the control of the disease? | 0.027 | ||||||||
Yes | 120 | 92.3% | 38 | 100% | 50 | 86.2% | 32 | 94.1% | |
No | 10 | 7.7% | 0 | / | 8 | 13.8% | 2 | 5.9% | |
Are you concerned about the serious complications of the COVID-19 vaccine? | 0.051 | ||||||||
Yes, I’m seriously worried | 9 | 6.9% | 1 | 2.6% | 7 | 12.1% | 1 | 2.9% | |
Yes, I’m worried | 35 | 26.9% | 6 | 15.8% | 17 | 29.3% | 12 | 35.3% | |
No, I’m not worried | 75 | 57.7% | 24 | 63.2% | 32 | 55.2% | 19 | 55.9% | |
No, I’m not worried at all | 11 | 8.5% | 7 | 18.4% | 2 | 3.4% | 2 | 5.9% | |
Do you think that the mandatory vaccination of healthcare workers is right? | 0.004 | ||||||||
Yes | 107 | 82.3% | 37 | 97.4% | 42 | 72.4% | 28 | 82.4% | |
No | 23 | 17.7% | 1 | 2.6% | 16 | 27.6% | 6 | 17.6% | |
Did you received the COVID-19 vaccine? | 0.623 | ||||||||
Yes, I received two doses and the booster dose (third dose) | 119 | 91.5% | 38 | 100.0% | 51 | 87.9% | 30 | 88.2% | |
Yes, I’m waiting for the third dose | 2 | 1.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 1 | 1.7% | 1 | 2.9% | |
Yes, I received both doses | 4 | 3.1% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 3.4% | 2 | 5.9% | |
No, but I definitely will | 2 | 1.5% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 3.4% | 0 | 0.0% | |
No, and I definitely won’t | 3 | 2.3% | 0 | 0.0% | 2 | 3.4% | 1 | 2.9% | |
If you have been vaccinated or are planning to be vaccinated, what are the reasons for your choice? | 0.064 | ||||||||
To have access to activities and services that would otherwise be precluded in the absence of Green Certification/Greenpass (bars, restaurants, cinemas, etc.) | 0 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | ||||
Obligatory vaccine for health professionals; if there was no obligation, I would not have vaccinated myself/I would not be vaccinated | 6 | 4.9% | 0 | 0.0% | 5 | 9.6% | 1 | 23.3% | |
Vaccination decreases the chances of contagion or complications of the disease | 27 | 21.9% | 13 | 34.2% | 9 | 17.3% | 5 | 15.1% | |
Moral obligation towards patients | 7 | 5.7% | 0 | 0.0% | 4 | 7.7% | 3 | 9.1% | |
More than one option | 83 | 67.5% | 25 | 65.8% | 34 | 65.4% | 24 | 72.7% | |
Do you recommend/have you recommended/will you advise your acquaintances (relatives and close friends) to be vaccinated against COVID-19? | 0.023 | ||||||||
Yes | 118 | 90.8% | 38 | 100.0% | 49 | 84.5% | 31 | 91.2% | |
No | 12 | 9.2% | 0 | 0.0% | 9 | 15.5% | 3 | 8.8% |
Country | Legal Reference | Come into Force | Professional Figures with Mandatory Vaccination | Population-Wide Mandatory Vaccination |
---|---|---|---|---|
France | Law 2021/1040, Articles 12–13 | 15 September 2021 | HCWs, health professions students, fire, civil protection workers. | No |
Germany | Infection Protection Act, Article 20a | 15 March 2022 | HCWs | No |
Greece | Law 4829/2021, Article 206 | 12 July 2021 | HCWs, firefighters. | Residents over 60 (Article 24, Law 4865/2021) |
Hungary | Government Decree 449/2921 (VII.29.) | 15 September 2021 | Healthcare Education, cultural institutions, army (Government Decree 599/2921 (X.28.)) | No |
Italy | Decree Law N. 44/2021 | 1 April 2021 | HCWs, police, education, social care | Residents over 50 (Decree-Law 1/2022) |
Latvia | Amendments to the COVID-19 Infection Control Law | 1 October 2021 | Workers in private and public sectors (healthcare, education, etc.) | No |
Poland | Dz. U. z 2022 r. poz. 340 | 1 March 2022 | HCWs | No |
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Peruch, M.; Toscani, P.; Grassi, N.; Zamagni, G.; Monasta, L.; Radaelli, D.; Livieri, T.; Manfredi, A.; D’Errico, S. Did Italy Really Need Compulsory Vaccination against COVID-19 for Healthcare Workers? Results of a Survey in a Centre for Maternal and Child Health. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081293
Peruch M, Toscani P, Grassi N, Zamagni G, Monasta L, Radaelli D, Livieri T, Manfredi A, D’Errico S. Did Italy Really Need Compulsory Vaccination against COVID-19 for Healthcare Workers? Results of a Survey in a Centre for Maternal and Child Health. Vaccines. 2022; 10(8):1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081293
Chicago/Turabian StylePeruch, Michela, Paola Toscani, Nicoletta Grassi, Giulia Zamagni, Lorenzo Monasta, Davide Radaelli, Tommaso Livieri, Alessandro Manfredi, and Stefano D’Errico. 2022. "Did Italy Really Need Compulsory Vaccination against COVID-19 for Healthcare Workers? Results of a Survey in a Centre for Maternal and Child Health" Vaccines 10, no. 8: 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081293
APA StylePeruch, M., Toscani, P., Grassi, N., Zamagni, G., Monasta, L., Radaelli, D., Livieri, T., Manfredi, A., & D’Errico, S. (2022). Did Italy Really Need Compulsory Vaccination against COVID-19 for Healthcare Workers? Results of a Survey in a Centre for Maternal and Child Health. Vaccines, 10(8), 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081293