Which Type of the Promising COVID-19 Vaccines Produces Minimal Adverse Effects? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Basic Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants
3.2. Adverse Effects to Vaccines
3.3. Medical Seeking
4. Discussion
5. Limitation of the Study
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | n | % |
---|---|---|
Age | ||
20–29 years | 341 | 40.5 |
30–39 years | 383 | 45.4 |
40 years and older | 119 | 14.1 |
Gender | ||
Male | 179 | 21.2 |
Female | 664 | 78.8 |
Job | ||
Doctors | 415 | 49.2 |
Dentist | 192 | 22.8 |
Pharmacists | 236 | 28.0 |
Graduation level | ||
Graduated | 665 | 78.9 |
Postgraduates | 178 | 21.1 |
Years of Experience | ||
Less than 5 years | 315 | 37.4 |
5–9 years | 229 | 27.2 |
10–14 years | 170 | 20.2 |
15–19 years | 57 | 6.8 |
20 years and more | 72 | 8.5 |
Vaccination status | ||
First dose only | 192 | 22.8 |
Two doses | 651 | 77.2 |
Type of vaccine | ||
Sinopharm | 154 | 18.3 |
AstraZeneca | 187 | 22.2 |
Pfizer | 502 | 59.5 |
Symptoms | ||
Yes | 628 | 70.6 |
No | 215 | 29.4 |
Onset of symptoms | ||
No symptoms | 215 | 25.5 |
After 1st vaccine dose | 271 | 32.1 |
After 2nd dose | 123 | 14.6 |
After 1st and 2nd dose | 234 | 27.8 |
History of previous infection | ||
Infected | 394 | 46.7 |
Not infected | 449 | 53.3 |
Corticosteroid use (n = 635) | ||
Yes | 66 | 7.8 |
No | 569 | 67.5 |
Variable | Vaccine Type | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sinopharm | AstraZeneca | Pfizer | ||
154 (18.3%) | 187 (22.2%) | 502 (59.5%) | ||
Adverse effect after vaccination | 0.000 | |||
Yes | 59 (38.3) | 158 (84.5) | 378 (75.3) | |
No | 95 (61.7) | 29 (15.5) | 124 (24.7) | |
Pain | 0.000 | |||
None | 28 (18.2) | 4 (2.1) | 11 (2.2) | |
Mild | 81 (52.6) | 47 (25.1) | 91 (18.1) | |
Moderate | 41 (26.6) | 101 (54.0) | 246 (49.0) | |
Sever | 4 (2.6) | 35 (18.7) | 154 (30.7) | |
Dermatological | ||||
Redness | 0.000 | |||
None | 129 (83.8) | 118 (63.1) | 377 (75.1) | |
Mild | 24 (15.6) | 52 (27.8) | 96 (19.1) | |
Moderate | 1 (0.6) | 15 (8.0) | 20 (4.0) | |
Sever | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | 9 (1.8) | |
Swelling | 0.000 | |||
None | 127 (82.5) | 96 (51.3) | 290 (57.8) | |
Mild | 21 (13.6) | 64 (34.2) | 145 (28.9) | |
Moderate | 6 (3.9) | 23 (12.3) | 56 (11.2) | |
Sever | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.1) | 11 (2.2) | |
Skin rash | 0.507 ** | |||
None | 150 (97.4) | 183 (97.9) | 482 (96.0) | |
Mild | 3 (1.9) | 3 (1.6) | 14 (2.8) | |
Moderate | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | |
Sever | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (1.0) | |
Systemic reactions | ||||
Tiredness | 0.000 | |||
None | 73 (47.4) | 27 (14.4) | 110 (21.9) | |
Mild | 54 (35.1) | 32 (17.1) | 122 (24.3) | |
Moderate | 22 (14.3) | 72 (38.5) | 163 (32.5) | |
Sever | 5 (3.2) | 56 (29.9) | 107 (21.3) | |
Headache | 0.000 | |||
None | 88 (57.1) | 50 (26.7) | 198 (39.4) | |
Mild | 43 (27.9) | 42 (22.5) | 125 (24.9) | |
Moderate | 17 (11.0) | 53 (28.3) | 120 (23.9) | |
Sever | 6 (3.9) | 42 (22.5) | 59 (11.8) | |
Myalgia | 0.000 | |||
None | 88 (57.1) | 31 (16.6) | 148 (29.5) | |
Mild | 44 (28.6) | 45 (24.1) | 129 (25.7) | |
Moderate | 18 (11.7) | 67 (35.8) | 135 (26.9) | |
Sever | 4 (2.6) | 44 (23.5) | 90 (17.9) | |
Chills | 0.000 | |||
None | 133 (86.4) | 74 (39.6) | 299 (59.6) | |
Mild | 11 (7.1) | 50 (26.7) | 98 (19.5) | |
Moderate | 7 (4.5) | 36 (19.3) | 60 (12.0) | |
Sever | 3 (1.9) | 27 (14.4) | 45 (9.0) | |
Fever | 0.000 | |||
None | 115 (74.7) | 41 (21.9) | 183 (36.5) | |
Mild | 24 (15.6) | 37 (19.8) | 137 (27.3) | |
Moderate | 13 (8.4) | 56 (29.9) | 132 (26.3) | |
Sever | 2 (1.3) | 53 (28.3) | 50 (10.0) | |
Gastrointestinal reaction | ||||
Nausea (n = 502) | 0.000 | |||
None | 133 (86.4) | 116 (62.0) | 352 (70.1) | |
Mild | 15 (9.7) | 41 (21.9) | 84 (16.7) | |
Moderate | 5 (3.2) | 18 (9.6) | 49 (9.8) | |
Sever | 1 (0.6) | 12 (6.4) | 17 (3.4) | |
Transient visual disturbances | 0.049 ** | |||
None | 144 (93.5) | 160 (85.6) | 444 (88.4) | |
Mild | 9 (5.8) | 18 (9.6) | 45 (9.0) | |
Moderate | 1 (0.6) | 9 (4.8) | 9 (1.8) | |
Sever | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.8) | |
Vomiting | 0.045 ** | |||
None | 153 (99.4) | 171 (91.4) | 478 (95.2) | |
Mild | 1 (0.6) | 7 (3.7) | 14 (2.8) | |
Moderate | 0 (0.0) | 7 (3.7) | 8 (1.6) | |
Sever | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | 2 (0.4) | |
Diarrhea | 0.067 ** | |||
None | 145 (94.2) | 163 (87.2) | 437 (87.1) | |
Mild | 9 (5.8) | 17 (9.1) | 40 (8.0) | |
Moderate | 0 (0.0) | 7 (3.7) | 19 (3.8) | |
Sever | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (1.2) | |
Burning sensation of eye | 0.076 ** | |||
None | 147 (95.5) | 163 (87.2) | 444 (88.4) | |
Mild | 7 (4.5) | 14 (7.5) | 36 (7.2) | |
Moderate | 0 (0.0) | 8 (4.3) | 13 (2.6) | |
Sever | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | 9 (1.8) | |
Cardiopulmonary reactions | ||||
Difficulty in breathing | 0.017 ** | |||
None | 145 (94.2) | 160 (85.6) | 429 (85.5) | |
Mild | 8 (5.2) | 20 (10.7) | 58 (11.6) | |
Moderate | 1 (0.6) | 5 (2.7) | 15 (3.0) | |
Sever | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
Palpitation | 0.000 | |||
None | 137 (89.0) | 137 (73.3) | 384 (76.5) | |
Mild | 11 (7.1) | 26 (13.9) | 87 (17.3) | |
Moderate | 6 (3.9) | 15 (8.0) | 26 (5.2) | |
Sever | 0 (0.0) | 9 (4.8) | 5 (1.0) | |
Sore throat | 0.046 | |||
None | 132 (85.7) | 139 (74.3) | 374 (74.5) | |
Mild | 16 (10.4) | 39 (20.9) | 92 (18.3) | |
Moderate | 4 (2.6) | 4 (2.1) | 26 (5.2) | |
Sever | 2 (1.3) | 5 (2.7) | 10 (2.0) | |
Others (minors) | ||||
insomnia | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (31.0) | 0.387 ** |
lymphadenopathy | 0 (0.0) | 1 (33.3) | 3 (10.3) | |
somnolence | 2 (66.7) | 1 (33.3) | 3 (10.3) | |
metallic taste | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (13.8) | |
joint pain | 0 (0.0) | 1 (33.3) | 6 (20.7) | |
backpain | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (13.8) | |
Use of analgesia (n = 835) | 0.000 | |||
Yes | 58 (39.2) | 156 (83.4) | 338 (67.6) | |
No | 90 (60.8) | 31 (16.6) | 162 (32.4) |
Variables | Vaccine Type | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Sinopharm | AstraZeneca | Pfizer | ||
Antalgics used (n = 533) | 0.632 | |||
paracetamol | 52 (94.5) | 136 (87.7) | 294 (91.0) | |
diclofenac | 2 (3.6) | 6 (3.9) | 7 (2.2) | |
iboprofen | 0 (0.0) | 11 (7.1) | 16 (5.0) | |
mfenamic acid | 1 (1.8) | 1 (0.6) | 3 (0.9) | |
aspirin | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) | |
meloxicam | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) | |
Physician consultation | 0.344 | |||
Yes | 9 (5.8) | 19 (10.2) | 45 (9.0) | |
No | 145 (94.2) | 168 (89.8) | 457 (91.0) |
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Attash, H.M.; Al-Obaidy, L.M.; Al-Qazaz, H.K. Which Type of the Promising COVID-19 Vaccines Produces Minimal Adverse Effects? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines 2022, 10, 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020186
Attash HM, Al-Obaidy LM, Al-Qazaz HK. Which Type of the Promising COVID-19 Vaccines Produces Minimal Adverse Effects? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines. 2022; 10(2):186. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020186
Chicago/Turabian StyleAttash, Heba M., Luma M. Al-Obaidy, and Harith Kh. Al-Qazaz. 2022. "Which Type of the Promising COVID-19 Vaccines Produces Minimal Adverse Effects? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study" Vaccines 10, no. 2: 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020186
APA StyleAttash, H. M., Al-Obaidy, L. M., & Al-Qazaz, H. K. (2022). Which Type of the Promising COVID-19 Vaccines Produces Minimal Adverse Effects? A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines, 10(2), 186. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020186