Secondary School Teachers and Outpatient Physicians: Differences in Attitudes towards Vaccination against COVID-19 in Slovakia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Questionnaire
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations and Strengths
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total (N = 868) | Vaccinated (N = 742) | Unvaccinated (N = 126) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male N (%) | 261 (30%) | 230 (31%) | 31 (25%) | 0.15 |
Female N (%) | 607 (70%) | 512 (69%) | 95 (75%) | |
Teaching staff N (%) | 451 (52%) | 356 (48%) | 95 (75%) | <0.001 ** |
Outpatient doctors N (%) | 417 (48%) | 386 (52%) | 31(25%) | |
Job duration (average years ± SD) | 23.81 ± 12.55 | 24.39 ± 12.62 | 20.36 ± 11.67 | <0.001 * |
Level of fear of COVID-19 (average ± SD) | 5.98 ± 2.82 | 6.33 ± 2.68 | 3.90 ± 2.73 | <0.001 * |
History of COVID-19 N (%) | 168 (19%) | 120 (16%) | 48 (38%) | <0.001 ** |
Vaccinated against influenza at any time in the past N (%) | 341 (39%) | 318 (43%) | 23 (18%) | <0.001 ** |
Vaccinated against influenza last season N (%) | 194 (22%) | 190 (26%) | 4 (3%) | <0.001 ** |
With a chronic disease N (%) | 258 (30%) | 228 (31%) | 30 (24%) | 0.12 |
Variables | Total (N = 868) | Vaccinated (N = 192) | Unvaccinated (N = 676) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male N (%) | 261 (30%) | 58 (30%) | 203 (30%) | 0.96 |
Female N (%) | 607 (70%) | 134 (70%) | 473 (70%) | |
Teaching staff N (%) | 451 (52%) | 35 (18%) | 416 (62%) | <0.001 ** |
Outpatient physicians N (%) | 417 (48%) | 157 (82%) | 260 (39%) | |
Job duration (average years ± SD) | 23.81 ± 12.55 | 28.88 ± 12.08 | 22.37 ± 12.33 | <0.001 * |
Level of fear of COVID-19 (average ± SD) | 5.98 ± 2.82 | 6.95 ± 2.51 | 5.70 ± 2.85 | <0.001 * |
History of COVID-19 N (%) | 168 (19%) | 18 (20%) | 150 (22%) | <0.001 ** |
Vaccinated against influenza at any time in the past N (%) | 341 (39%) | 192 (100%) | 149 (22%) | <0.001 ** |
With a chronic disease N (%) | 258 (30%) | 81 (42%) | 177 (26%) | <0.001 ** |
Variable | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Gender (females) | 0.55 | 0.33–0.89 | <0.05 * |
Job duration (years) | 1.01 | 0.99–1.03 | 0.38 |
Profession (physicians) | 2.56 | 1.55–4.23 | <0.001 ** |
History of COVID-19 | 0.34 | 0.22–0.54 | <0.001 ** |
With a chronic disease | 0.73 | 0.44–1.22 | 0.23 |
Level of fear of COVID-19 | 1.40 | 1.29–1.52 | <0.001 ** |
Vaccinated against influenza (last season) | 1.59 | 0.88–2.87 | 0.12 |
Vaccinated against influenza (past) | 3.52 | 1.10–11.31 | <0.05 * |
Motives | Teaching Staff (N = 356) | Outpatient Physicians (N = 386) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Concerns about COVID-19 itself | 213 (60%) | 275 (71%) | <0.01 * |
An effort to prevent the spread of COVID-19 during the performance of my profession | 235 (66%) | 336 (87%) | <0.001 * |
An effort to protect family members | 258 (73%) | 285 (74%) | 0.68 |
Being exempted from restrictive anti-pandemic measures after vaccination | 77 (22%) | 111 (29%) | <0.05 * |
Reason for Hesitation | Teaching Staff (N = 95) | Outpatient Physicians (N = 31) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
I am not afraid of COVID-19, its course and consequences | 9 (10%) | 4 (13%) | 0.59 |
I do not find getting infected with COVID-19 likely | 4 (4%) | 0 | 0.57 |
I do not trust the efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19 | 38 (40%) | 7 (23%) | 0.08 |
I have concerns about the safety and side effects of vaccines against COVID-19 | 65 (68%) | 15 (48%) | <0.05 * |
I went through COVID-19 and assume lasting immunity against the disease | 16 (17%) | 10 (32%) | 0.07 |
I have contraindications and expect a complicated vaccination course in my case | 27 (28%) | 9 (29%) | 0.95 |
Teaching Staff (Mean ± SD) | Outpatient Physicians (Mean ± SD) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Females | 6.17 ± 2.80 | 6.29 ± 2.74 | 0.59 |
Males | 5.32 ± 2.81 | 5.46 ± 2.92 | 0.70 |
Vaccinated | 6.45 ± 2.60 | 6.22 ± 2.76 | 0.24 |
Unvaccinated | 3.94 ± 2.78 | 3.77 ± 2.63 | 0.77 |
Job duration | 5.92 ± 2.83 | 6.04 ± 2.82 | 0.55 |
Vaccinated against influenza at any time in the past N (%) | 6.17 ± 2.74 | 6.37 ± 2.79 | 0.53 |
Vaccinated against influenza last season N (%) | 7.74 ± 2.09 | 6.68 ± 2.63 | <0.05 * |
With a chronic disease | 6.75 ± 2.57 | 6.53 ± 2.76 | 0.52 |
Without a chronic disease | 5.68 ± 2.86 | 5.75 ± 2.82 | 0.78 |
Occupation | COVID-19 Vaccination | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mandatory Vaccination | Teaching Staff (N = 451) | Outpatient Physicians (N = 417) | p Value | Vaccinated (N = 742) | Unvaccinated (N = 126) | p Value |
In my profession | 163 (36%) | 274 (66%) | <0.001 * | 436 (59%) | 1 (0.8%) | <0.001 * |
Selected population | 172 (38%) | 275 (66%) | <0.001 * | 442 (60%) | 5 (4%) | <0.001 * |
Whole population | 110 (24%) | 176 (42%) | <0.001 * | 285 (28%) | 1 (0.8%) | <0.001 * |
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Tatarkova, M.; Ulbrichtova, R.; Svihrova, V.; Zibolenova, J.; Novak, M.; Svihra, J.J., Jr.; Hudeckova, H. Secondary School Teachers and Outpatient Physicians: Differences in Attitudes towards Vaccination against COVID-19 in Slovakia. Vaccines 2022, 10, 1858. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111858
Tatarkova M, Ulbrichtova R, Svihrova V, Zibolenova J, Novak M, Svihra JJ Jr., Hudeckova H. Secondary School Teachers and Outpatient Physicians: Differences in Attitudes towards Vaccination against COVID-19 in Slovakia. Vaccines. 2022; 10(11):1858. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111858
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatarkova, Maria, Romana Ulbrichtova, Viera Svihrova, Jana Zibolenova, Martin Novak, Jan Jr. Svihra, Jr., and Henrieta Hudeckova. 2022. "Secondary School Teachers and Outpatient Physicians: Differences in Attitudes towards Vaccination against COVID-19 in Slovakia" Vaccines 10, no. 11: 1858. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111858
APA StyleTatarkova, M., Ulbrichtova, R., Svihrova, V., Zibolenova, J., Novak, M., Svihra, J. J., Jr., & Hudeckova, H. (2022). Secondary School Teachers and Outpatient Physicians: Differences in Attitudes towards Vaccination against COVID-19 in Slovakia. Vaccines, 10(11), 1858. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111858