Phytosterols: Nutritional Health Players in the Management of Obesity and Its Related Disorders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Phytosterols in Human Nutrition
2.1. Effects of Phytosterols on Adipose Tissue Metabolism
2.2. Effects of Phytosterols on Adipose Tissue Inflammation
2.3. Effects of Phytosterols on Oxidative Stress
2.4. Effects of Phytosterols on Blood Glucose and Insulin Resistance
2.5. Effects of Phytosterols on Obesity-Related Dyslipidaemia
2.6. Effects of Phytosterols on Gut Microbiota
3. Conclusions
4. Survey Methodology
Study Selection Criteria
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source | Phytosterols Content (mg/100 g Dry Product) | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|
Oils | |||
Refined olive oil | 235.9 | [21] | |
Virgin olive oil | 259.7 | [21] | |
Argan oil | 188.1 | [22] | |
Sunflower oil | 492.5 | [21] | |
Vegetables | |||
Artichoke | 48.5 | [21] | |
Green asparagus | 10.6 | [21] | |
Green beans | 18.8 | [21] | |
Broccoli | 18.3 | [21] | |
Cabbage | 27.4 | [21] | |
Carrot | 18.6 | [21] | |
Cauliflower | 44.3 | [21] | |
Celery | 7.8 | [21] | |
Chard | 16.6 | [21] | |
Cucumber | 7 | [21] | |
Eggplant | 5.9 | [21] | |
Endive | 16.9 | [21] | |
Escarole | 18.1 | [21] | |
Garlic | 18.2 | [21] | |
Leek | 11.7 | [21] | |
Lettuce | 13.5 | [21] | |
Marrow | 2.4 | [21] | |
Onion | 7.2 | [21] | |
Parsley | 7.4 | [21] | |
Potato | 4.3 | [21] | |
Green pepper | 9.4 | [21] | |
Red pepper | 7.4 | [21] | |
Spinach | 16.3 | [21] | |
Tomato | 9.9 | [21] | |
Cereals | |||
Rice | 29 | [21] | |
White wheat | 41.9 | [21] | |
Wheat grain | 315.7 | [21] | |
Wheat bran | 459 | [21] | |
Wheat flour | 140 | [21] | |
Barley | 130.8 | [23] | |
Rice bran | 450 | [21] | |
Corn bran | 300 | [21] | |
Oat bran | 150 | [21] | |
Legumes | |||
Chickpea | 121.1 | [21] | |
Lentil | 117.3 | [21] | |
White bean | 108.1 | [21] | |
Peanuts | 406 | [24] | |
Fruit | |||
Apple | 16 | [21] | |
Apricot | 15.2 | [21] | |
Banana | 20.1 | [21] | |
Cherry | 20.1 | [21] | |
White grape | 32.6 | [21] | |
Kiwi | 7.1 | [21] | |
Melon | 3.3 | [21] | |
Olive | 37.7 | [21] | |
Orange | 30.4 | [21] | |
Peach | 14.6 | [21] | |
Pear | 11 | [21] | |
Plum | 18.9 | [21] | |
Strawberry | 11.3 | [21] | |
Watermelon | 4.5 | [21] | |
Avocado | 25.5 | [25] | |
Pineapple | 4.9 | [25] | |
Apple | 5.31 | [25] | |
Custard apple | 62.3 | [26] | |
Raspberry | 25 | [27] | |
Nuts | |||
Almond | 148.6 | [21] | |
Hazelnut | 128.1 | [21] | |
Peanut | 143.6 | [21] | |
Pistachio | 242.7 | [21] | |
Sunflower seed | 226.9 | [21] | |
Walnut | 131.3 | [21] | |
Brazil nuts | 95 | [28] | |
Cashews | 150 | [28] | |
Macadamia nuts | 187 | [28] | |
Pecans | 157 | [28] | |
Pine nuts | 236 | [28] |
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Vezza, T.; Canet, F.; de Marañón, A.M.; Bañuls, C.; Rocha, M.; Víctor, V.M. Phytosterols: Nutritional Health Players in the Management of Obesity and Its Related Disorders. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 1266. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121266
Vezza T, Canet F, de Marañón AM, Bañuls C, Rocha M, Víctor VM. Phytosterols: Nutritional Health Players in the Management of Obesity and Its Related Disorders. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(12):1266. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121266
Chicago/Turabian StyleVezza, Teresa, Francisco Canet, Aranzazu M. de Marañón, Celia Bañuls, Milagros Rocha, and Víctor Manuel Víctor. 2020. "Phytosterols: Nutritional Health Players in the Management of Obesity and Its Related Disorders" Antioxidants 9, no. 12: 1266. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121266