Evaluation of the Influence of Process Parameters on the Properties of Resveratrol-Loaded NLC Using 22 Full Factorial Design
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of RSV-Loaded NLC
2.3. 22 Factorial Design
2.4. Characterization of RSV-Loaded NLC
2.4.1. Particle Size and Polydispersity Index
2.4.2. Zeta Potential
2.4.3. Stability Index
2.4.4. Entrapment Efficiency
2.4.5. Production Yield
2.4.6. Morphology
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factor | Coded Levels | ||
---|---|---|---|
−1 | 0 | +1 | |
Shear intensity (rpm) | 13,000 | 19,000 | 24,000 |
Shear time (minutos) | 2 | 6 | 10 |
Formulation Code | Coded Factor Level | |
---|---|---|
Factor 1 | Factor 2 | |
NLC1 or NLC-RSV1 | −1 | −1 |
NLC2 or NLC-RSV2 | +1 | −1 |
NLC3 or NLC-RSV3 | −1 | +1 |
NLC4 or NLC-RSV4 | +1 | +1 |
NLC5 or NLC-RSV5 | 0 | 0 |
NLC6 or NLC-RSV6 | 0 | 0 |
NLC7 or NLC-RSV7 | 0 | 0 |
Shear Time (minutes) | Shear Intensity (rpm) | PS ± SD (nm) | PDI ± SD | Zeta ± SD (mV) | Entrapment Efficiency (%) | Production Yield (%) | Instability Index * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NLC1 | 2 | 13,000 | 263.6 ± 3.9 | 0.465 ± 0.020 | −12.97 ± 0.50 | - | 97 ± 2 | 0.022 |
NLC2 | 10 | 13,000 | 190.3 ± 1.8 | 0.429 ± 0.025 | −10.02 ± 0.24 | - | 78 ± 4 | 0.044 |
NLC3 | 2 | 24,000 | 111.6 ± 1.1 | 0.236 ± 0.001 | −13.93 ± 0.47 | - | 73.5 ± 0.6 | 0.040 |
NLC4 | 10 | 24,000 | 178.3 ± 1.6 | 0.478 ± 0.022 | −12.03 ± 0.51 | - | 66 ± 1 | 0.034 |
NLC5 | 6 | 19,000 | 109.1 ± 0.7 | 0.265 ± 0.008 | −10.03 ± 0.23 | - | 71 ± 3 | 0.043 |
NLC6 | 6 | 19,000 | 103.4 ± 1.5 | 0.279 ± 0.036 | −11.00 ± 0.46 | - | 68 ± 13 | 0.03 |
NLC7 | 6 | 19,000 | 106.4 ± 0.1 | 0.271 ± 0.006 | −12.83 ± 0.35 | - | 65.8 ± 0.9 | 0.032 |
NLC-RSV1 | 2 | 13,000 | 164.3 ± 3.2 | 0.619 ± 0.010 | −13.23 ± 0.21 | 94.6 ± 0.4 | 76.1 ± 0.9 | 0.073 |
NLC-RSV2 | 10 | 13,000 | 187.7 ± 0.9 | 0.464 ± 0.003 | −8.43 ± 0.15 | 94.4 ± 0.1 | 78 ± 2 | 0.493 |
NLC-RSV3 | 2 | 24,000 | 153.1 ± 1.0 | 0.366 ± 0.005 | −12.07 ± 0.40 | 96.3 ± 0.1 | 72 ± 3 | 0.041 |
NLC-RSV4 | 10 | 24,000 | 142.9 ± 2.5 | 0.353 ± 0.016 | −11.67 ± 0.70 | 94.2 ± 0.1 | 69 ± 1 | 0.244 |
NLC-RSV5 | 6 | 19,000 | 125.3 ± 0.5 | 0.357 ± 0.009 | −12.87 ± 0.38 | 92.9 ± 0.4 | 67.9 ± 0.6 | 0.024 |
NLC-RSV6 | 6 | 19,000 | 139.4 ± 0.7 | 0.339 ± 0.006 | −12.90 ± 0.27 | 93.15 ± 0.04 | 62 ± 4 | 0.025 |
NLC-RSV7 | 6 | 19,000 | 146.6 ± 3.2 | 0.444 ± 0.061 | −13.00 ± 0.53 | 92.0 ± 0.3 | 63 ± 11 | 0.011 |
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Shimojo, A.A.M.; Fernandes, A.R.V.; Ferreira, N.R.E.; Sanchez-Lopez, E.; Santana, M.H.A.; Souto, E.B. Evaluation of the Influence of Process Parameters on the Properties of Resveratrol-Loaded NLC Using 22 Full Factorial Design. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080272
Shimojo AAM, Fernandes ARV, Ferreira NRE, Sanchez-Lopez E, Santana MHA, Souto EB. Evaluation of the Influence of Process Parameters on the Properties of Resveratrol-Loaded NLC Using 22 Full Factorial Design. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(8):272. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080272
Chicago/Turabian StyleShimojo, Andréa A. M., Ana Rita V. Fernandes, Nuno R. E. Ferreira, Elena Sanchez-Lopez, Maria H. A. Santana, and Eliana B. Souto. 2019. "Evaluation of the Influence of Process Parameters on the Properties of Resveratrol-Loaded NLC Using 22 Full Factorial Design" Antioxidants 8, no. 8: 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080272