Astrocytic Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Contributes to Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: The Dual Role of Reactive Astrocytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Role of Astrocytes in PD
2.1. Physiological Role of Astrocytes
2.2. Pathological Role of Reactive Astrocytes
3. Astrocytic Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress: Potential Contributors to PD Pathogenesis
3.1. Role of Astrocytic Oxidative Stress in PD Pathogenesis
3.2. Role of Astrocytic Nitrosative Stress in PD Pathogenesis
4. Neuroinflammation
5. PD-Associated Genes and Astrocytic Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress
5.1. α-Synuclein
5.2. DJ-1
5.3. Parkin
5.4. PINK1
6. Experimental Models and Astrocytic Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress
6.1. MPTP
6.2. Rotenone
6.3. Mn
6.4. Paraquat
6.5. 6-OHDA
7. Pharmacological Attenuation of Astrocytic Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in PD
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rizor, A.; Pajarillo, E.; Johnson, J.; Aschner, M.; Lee, E. Astrocytic Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Contributes to Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: The Dual Role of Reactive Astrocytes. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 265. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080265
Rizor A, Pajarillo E, Johnson J, Aschner M, Lee E. Astrocytic Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Contributes to Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: The Dual Role of Reactive Astrocytes. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(8):265. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080265
Chicago/Turabian StyleRizor, Asha, Edward Pajarillo, James Johnson, Michael Aschner, and Eunsook Lee. 2019. "Astrocytic Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Contributes to Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: The Dual Role of Reactive Astrocytes" Antioxidants 8, no. 8: 265. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080265