Cytokine Response to Exercise and Its Modulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background Knowledge of Cytokine Function and Release
3. Cytokine Kinetics in Response to Exercise
4. Examples of Countermeasures to Exercise-Induced Inflammation
5. Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Suzuki, K. Exhaustive exercise-induced neutrophil-associated tissue damage and possibility of its prevention. J. Nanomed. Biother. Discov. 2017, 7, 156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hasegawa, H.; Mizoguchi, I.; Chiba, Y.; Ohashi, M.; Xu, M.; Yoshimoto, T. Expanding diversity in molecular structures and functions of the IL-6/IL-12 heterodimeric cytokine family. Front. Immunol. 2016, 7, 479. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hung, Y.L.; Suzuki, K. The pattern recognition receptors and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation. Int. J. Res. Stud. Med. Health Sci. 2017, 2, 1–7. [Google Scholar]
- Lim, C.L.; Suzuki, K. Systemic inflammation mediates the effects of endotoxemia in the mechanisms of heat stroke. Biol. Med. 2017, 9, 376. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pedersen, B.K.; Febbraio, M.A. Muscle as an endocrine organ: Focus on muscle-derived interleukin-6. Physiol. Rev. 2008, 88, 1379–1406. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Suzuki, K.; Nakaji, S.; Yamada, M.; Totsuka, M.; Sato, K.; Sugawara, K. Systemic inflammatory response to exhaustive exercise: Cytokine kinetics. Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 2002, 8, 6–48. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Yamada, M.; Suzuki, K.; Kudo, S.; Totsuka, M.; Nakaji, S.; Sugawara, K. Raised plasma G-CSF and IL-6 after exercise may play a role in neutrophil mobilization into the circulation. J. Appl. Physiol. 2002, 92, 1789–1794. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nieman, D.C. Immune response to heavy exertion. J. Appl. Physiol. 1997, 82, 1385–1394. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nieman, D.C. Is infection risk linked to exercise workload? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2000, 32 (Suppl. 7), S406–S411. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Goh, J.M.; Lim, C.L.; Suzuki, K. Effects of endurance-, strength-, and concurrent training on cytokines and inflammation. In Concurrent Aerobic and Strength Training: Scientific Basics and Practical Applications; Schumann, M., Rønnestad, B., Eds.; Springer: Datenschutz, Germany, 2018; in press. [Google Scholar]
- Suzuki, K.; Naganuma, S.; Totsuka, M.; Suzuki, K.J.; Mochizuki, M.; Shiraishi, M.; Nakaji, S.; Sugawara, K. Effects of exhaustive endurance exercise and its one-week daily repetition on neutrophil count and functional status in untrained men. Int. J. Sports Med. 1996, 17, 205–212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Suzuki, K.; Sato, H.; Kikuchi, T.; Abe, T.; Nakaji, S.; Sugawara, K.; Totsuka, M.; Sato, K.; Yamaya, K. Capacity of circulating neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species after exhaustive exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 1996, 81, 1213–1222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Suzuki, K.; Totsuka, M.; Nakaji, S.; Yamada, M.; Kudoh, S.; Liu, Q.; Sugawara, K.; Yamaya, K.; Sato, K. Endurance exercise causes interaction among stress hormones, cytokines, neutrophil dynamics, and muscle damage. J. Appl. Physiol. 1999, 87, 1360–1367. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sugama, K.; Suzuki, K.; Yoshitani, K.; Shiraishi, K.; Kometani, T. Urinary excretion of cytokines versus their plasma levels after endurance exercise. Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 2013, 19, 29–48. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Sugama, K.; Suzuki, K.; Yoshitani, K.; Shiraishi, K.; Kometani, T. IL-17, neutrophil activation and muscle damage following endurance exercise. Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 2012, 18, 116–127. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Sugama, K.; Suzuki, K.; Yoshitani, K.; Shiraishi, K.; Miura, S.; Yoshioka, H.; Mori, Y.; Kometani, T. Changes of thioredoxin, oxidative stress markers, inflammation and muscle/renal damage following intensive endurance exercise. Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 2015, 21, 130–142. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Suzuki, K.; Peake, J.; Nosaka, K.; Okutsu, M.; Abbiss, C.R.; Surriano, R.; Bishop, D.; Quod, M.J.; Lee, H.; Martin, D.T.; et al. Changes in markers of muscle damage, inflammation and HSP70 after an Ironman triathlon race. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2006, 98, 525–534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Suzuki, K.; Nakaji, S.; Yamada, M.; Liu, Q.; Kurakake, S.; Okamura, N.; Kumae, T.; Umeda, T.; Sugawara, K. Impact of a competitive marathon race on systemic cytokine and neutrophil responses. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2003, 35, 348–355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Suzuki, K.; Yamada, M.; Kurakake, S.; Okamura, N.; Yamaya, K.; Liu, Q.; Kudoh, S.; Kowatari, K.; Nakaji, S.; Sugawara, K. Circulating cytokines and hormones with immunosuppressive but neutrophil-priming potentials rise after endurance exercise in humans. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2000, 81, 281–287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Peake, J.; Della Gatta, P.; Suzuki, K.; Nieman, D. Cytokine expression and secretion by skeletal muscle cells: Regulatory mechanisms and exercise effects. Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 2015, 21, 8–25. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Suzuki, K.; Takahashi, M.; Li, C.Y.; Lin, S.P.; Tomari, M.; Shing, C.M.; Fang, S.H. The acute effects of green tea and carbohydrate co-ingestion on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress during sprint cycling. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2015, 40, 997–1003. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Peake, J.; Peiffer, J.J.; Abbiss, C.R.; Nosaka, K.; Okutsu, M.; Laursen, P.B.; Suzuki, K. Body temperature and its effect on leukocyte mobilization, cytokines and markers of neutrophil activation during and after exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2008, 102, 391–401. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Peake, J.; Wilson, G.; Hordern, M.; Suzuki, K.; Yamaya, K.; Nosaka, K.; Mackinnon, L.; Coombes, J.S. Changes in neutrophil surface receptor expression, degranulation, and respiratory burst activity after moderate- and high-intensity exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 2004, 97, 612–618. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hayashida, H.; Shimura, M.; Sugama, K.; Kanda, K.; Suzuki, K. Effects of the menstrual cycle and acute aerobic exercise on cytokine levels. J. Sports Med. Doping Stud. 2015, 6, 173. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peake, J.; Peiffer, J.J.; Abbiss, C.R.; Nosaka, K.; Laursen, P.B.; Suzuki, K. Carbohydrate gel ingestion and immunoendocrine responses to cycling in temperate and hot conditions. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2008, 18, 229–246. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hayashida, H.; Shimura, M.; Sugama, K.; Kanda, K.; Suzuki, K. Exercise-induced inflammation during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Physiother. Rehabil. 2016, 1, 121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, H.K.; Konishi, M.; Takahashi, M.; Tabata, H.; Endo, N.; Numao, S.; Lee, S.K.; Suzuki, K.; Kim, Y.H.; Sakamoto, S. Effects of acute endurance exercise performed in the morning and evening on inflammatory cytokine and metabolic hormone responses. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0137567. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Peake, J.; Nosaka, K.; Suzuki, K. Characterization of inflammatory responses to eccentric exercise in humans. Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 2005, 11, 64–85. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Kanda, K.; Sugama, K.; Sakuma, J.; Kawakami, Y.; Suzuki, K. Evaluation of serum leaking enzymes and investigation into new biomarkers for exercise-induced muscle damage. Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 2014, 20, 39–54. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Kanda, K.; Sugama, K.; Hayashida, H.; Sakuma, J.; Kawakami, Y.; Miura, S.; Yoshioka, H.; Mori, Y.; Suzuki, K. Eccentric exercise-induced delayed-onset muscle soreness and changes in markers of muscle damage and inflammation. Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 2013, 19, 74–87. [Google Scholar]
- Peake, J.M.; Roberts, L.A.; Figueiredo, V.C.; Egner, I.; Krog, S.; Aas, S.N.; Suzuki, K.; Markworth, J.F.; Coombes, J.S.; Cameron-Smith, D.; et al. The effects of cold water immersion and active recovery on inflammation and cell stress responses in human skeletal muscle after resistance exercise. J. Physiol. 2017, 595, 695–711. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Peake, J.M.; Suzuki, K.; Wilson, G.; Hordern, M.; Nosaka, K.; Mackinnon, L.; Coombs, J. Exercise-induced muscle damage, plasma cytokines, and markers of neutrophil activation. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2005, 37, 737–745. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kondou, T.; Ogawa, K.; Terada, O.; Kim, K.; Okutsu, M.; Suzuki, K. Cytokine response to exercise during exposure to cold. Jpn. J. Complement. Altern. Med. 2009, 6, 89–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Suzuki, K.; Shiraishi, K.; Yoshitani, K.; Sugama, K.; Kometani, T. The effect of a sports drink based on highly branched cyclic dextrin on cytokine responses to exhaustive endurance exercise. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. 2014, 54, 622–630. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Suzuki, K.; Nakaji, S.; Kurakake, S.; Totsuka, M.; Sato, K.; Kuriyama, T.; Fujimoto, H.; Shibusawa, K.; Machida, K.; Sugawara, K. Exhaustive exercise and type-1/type-2 cytokine balance in special focus on interleukin-12 p40/p70. Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 2003, 9, 48–57. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Hashimoto, H.; Ishijima, T.; Hayashida, H.; Suzuki, K.; Higuchi, M. Menstrual cycle phase and carbohydrate ingestion alter immune response following endurance exercise and high intensity time trial performance test under hot conditions. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2014, 11, 39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kawanishi, N.; Mizokami, T.; Niihara, H.; Yada, K.; Suzuki, K. Neutrophil depletion attenuates muscle injury after exhaustive exercise. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2016, 48, 1917–1924. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kawanishi, N.; Mizokami, T.; Niihara, H.; Yada, K.; Suzuki, K. Macrophage depletion by clodronate liposome attenuates muscle injury and inflammation following exhaustive exercise. Biochem. Biophys. Rep. 2016, 5, 146–151. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lim, C.L.; Pyne, D.B.; Horn, P.; Kalz, A.; Saunders, P.; Peake, J.; Suzuki, K.; Wilson, G.; Mackinnon, L.T. The effects of increased endurance training load on biomarkers of heat tolerance during intense exercise in the heat. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2009, 34, 616–624. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hashimoto, H.; Ishijima, T.; Suzuki, K.; Higuchi, M. The effect of the menstrual cycle and water consumption on physiological responses during prolonged exercise at moderate intensity in hot conditions. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit. 2016, 56, 951–960. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Suzuki, K.; Hashimoto, H.; Oh, T.; Ishijima, T.; Mitsuda, H.; Peake, J.M.; Sakamoto, S.; Muraoka, I.; Higuchi, M. The effects of sports drink osmolality on fluid intake and immunoendocrine responses to cycling in hot conditions. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 2013, 59, 206–212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kawanishi, N.; Kato, K.; Takahashi, M.; Mizokami, T.; Otsuka, Y.; Imaizumi, A.; Shiva, D.; Yano, H.; Suzuki, K. Curcumin attenuates oxidative stress following downhill running-induced muscle damage. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2013, 441, 573–578. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pires, W.; Veneroso, C.E.; Wanner, S.P.; Pacheco, D.A.S.; Vaz, G.C.; Amorim, F.T.; Tonoli, C.; Soares, D.D.; Coimbra, C.C. Association between exercise-induced hyperthermia and intestinal permeability: A systematic review. Sports Med. 2017, 47, 1389–1403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Van Wijck, K.; Lenaerts, K.; Grootjans, J.; Wijnands, K.A.; Poeze, M.; van Loon, L.J.; Dejong, C.H.; Buurman, W.A. Physiology and pathophysiology of splanchnic hypoperfusion and intestinal injury during exercise: Strategies for evaluation and prevention. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2012, 303, G155–G168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Peake, J.M.; Suzuki, K.; Coombes, J.S. The influence of antioxidant supplementation on markers of inflammation and the relationship to oxidative stress after exercise. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2007, 18, 357–371. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ohno, S.; Ohno, Y.; Suzuki, Y.; Miura, S.; Yoshioka, H.; Mori, Y.; Suzuki, K. Ingestion of Tabebuia avellanedae (Taheebo) inhibits production of reactive oxygen species from human peripheral blood neutrophils. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. Diet. 2015, S6, 1–4. [Google Scholar]
- Suzuki, K.; Ohno, S.; Suzuki, Y.; Ohno, Y.; Okuyama, R. Effect of green tea extract on reactive oxygen species produced by neutrophils from cancer patients. Anticancer Res. 2012, 32, 2369–2375. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Takahashi, M.; Suzuki, K.; Kim, H.K.; Otsuka, Y.; Imaizumi, A.; Miyashita, M.; Sakamoto, S. Effects of curcumin supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans. Int. J. Sports Med. 2014, 35, 469–475. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, C.Y.; Suzuki, K.; Hung, Y.L.; Yang, M.S.; Yu, C.P.; Lin, S.P.; Hou, Y.C.; Fang, S.H. Aloe metabolites prevent LPS-induced sepsis and inflammatory response by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Am. J. Chin. Med. 2017, 45, 847–861. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hung, Y.L.; Fang, S.H.; Wang, S.C.; Cheng, W.C.; Liu, P.L.; Su, C.C.; Chen, C.S.; Huang, M.Y.; Hua, K.F.; Shen, K.H.; et al. Corylin protects LPS-induced sepsis and attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory response. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 46299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Asadi, A.; Arazi, H.; Suzuki, K. Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate-free acid supplementation on strength, power and hormonal adaptations following resistance training. Nutrients 2017, 9, 1316. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ma, S.; Yada, K.; Lee, H.; Fukuda, Y.; Iida, A.; Suzuki, K. Taheebo polyphenols attenuate FFA-induced inflammation in murine and human macrophage cell lines as inhibitor of COX-2. Front. Nutr. 2017, 4, 63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
© 2018 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Suzuki, K. Cytokine Response to Exercise and Its Modulation. Antioxidants 2018, 7, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox7010017
Suzuki K. Cytokine Response to Exercise and Its Modulation. Antioxidants. 2018; 7(1):17. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox7010017
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuzuki, Katsuhiko. 2018. "Cytokine Response to Exercise and Its Modulation" Antioxidants 7, no. 1: 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox7010017