Antioxidant Capacity, Cytotoxicity and Antimycobacterial Activity of Madeira Archipelago Endemic Helichrysum Dietary and Medicinal Plants
by
Sandra C. Gouveia-Figueira 1,2,3,*, Carla A. Gouveia 1, Maria J. Carvalho 1, Ana I. Rodrigues 4, Malin L. Nording 2 and Paula C. Castilho 1
Sandra C. Gouveia-Figueira 1,2,3,*, Carla A. Gouveia 1, Maria J. Carvalho 1, Ana I. Rodrigues 4, Malin L. Nording 2 and Paula C. Castilho 1
1
Centro de Química da Madeira, CCCEE, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, piso 0, Funchal 9000-390, Portugal
2
Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
3
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
4
Unidade de Geologia Marinha, Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P., Estrada da Portela, Zambujal—Alfragide Apartado 7586, Amadoram 2720-866, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2014, 3(4), 713-729; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox3040713
Received: 19 August 2014 / Revised: 16 October 2014 / Accepted: 17 October 2014 / Published: 31 October 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Products as Antioxidants)
The potential bioactivity of dietary and medicinal endemic Helichrysum plants from Madeira Archipelago was explored, for the first time, in order to supply new information for the general consumer. In vitro antioxidant properties were investigated using DPPH, ABTS•+, FRAP and β-Carotene assays, and the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were also determined. Although the results generally showed a large variation among the three analyzed plants, the methanolic extracts showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Exception is made for H. devium n-hexane extract that showed good radical scavenger capacity associated to compounds with good reducing properties. In the Artemia salina toxicity assay and antimycobaterial activity, H. devium was the most potent plant with the lowest LD50 at 216.7 ± 10.4 and MIC ≤ 50 μg·mL−1. Chemometric evaluation (Principal Component Analysis—PCA) showed close interdependence between the ABTS, TPC and TFC methods and allowed to group H. devium samples.
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Keywords:
antioxidant; antimycobacterial; Artemia salina; Helichrysum; chemometrics
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MDPI and ACS Style
Gouveia-Figueira, S.C.; Gouveia, C.A.; Carvalho, M.J.; Rodrigues, A.I.; Nording, M.L.; Castilho, P.C. Antioxidant Capacity, Cytotoxicity and Antimycobacterial Activity of Madeira Archipelago Endemic Helichrysum Dietary and Medicinal Plants. Antioxidants 2014, 3, 713-729.
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