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Antioxidants
Volume 14
Issue 6
10.3390/antiox14060639
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Oral Administration of Propolis and Lysozyme Combination Improves Feline Oral Health and Modulates Systemic Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses

by
Longjiao Wang
1,
Qianqian Chen
2,
Weiwei Wang
2,
Hao Dong
2,
Xiaohan Chang
2,
Lishui Chen
2,
Ran Wang
1,
Yaoxing Chen
3,
Pengjie Wang
1,
Shuxing Chen
2,
Wei Xiong
2,* and
Yixuan Li
1,*
1
Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
2
Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462300, China
3
College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2025, 14(6), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14060639 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 11 April 2025 / Revised: 20 May 2025 / Accepted: 24 May 2025 / Published: 26 May 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Oral diseases are highly prevalent among domestic cats, with microbiota dysbiosis as a primary etiological factor. However, effective microbiota-targeted interventions remain limited. This study evaluated the efficacy of a dietary supplement combining propolis and lysozyme (PL) in mitigating feline oral health issues, based on a cohort of 24 cats divided equally into placebo, treatment, and healthy control groups (n = 8 per group). Supragingival microbiota were analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, alongside assessments of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), oral health indices, and systemic inflammatory, oxidative, and immune markers. After 28 days of intervention, cats receiving PL supplementation demonstrated significant improvements, including a 35.4% reduction in VSCs and notable decreases in debris (34.9%), plaque (51.2%), and gingival indices (61.0%). Systemically, MDA and TNF-α levels decreased, while SOD, T-AOC, and IL-4 increased. Microbiota analysis revealed suppression of Porphyromonas and Selenomonas and enrichment of Moraxella and Bergeyella. Reductions in VSCs, gingival index, and TNF-α were correlated with lower Porphyromonas abundance, while Moraxella and Luteimonas were positively associated with antioxidant status. Functional predictions indicated downregulation of virulence-related pathways and increased expression of glutathione reductase. These findings highlight PL’s potential as a natural, microbiota-based intervention that improves feline oral health and modulates the oral–systemic axis, supporting its application in integrative oral care strategies.
Keywords: feline; oral microbiota; propolis; lysozyme; oral health; inflammatory; oxidative responses feline; oral microbiota; propolis; lysozyme; oral health; inflammatory; oxidative responses

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, L.; Chen, Q.; Wang, W.; Dong, H.; Chang, X.; Chen, L.; Wang, R.; Chen, Y.; Wang, P.; Chen, S.; et al. Oral Administration of Propolis and Lysozyme Combination Improves Feline Oral Health and Modulates Systemic Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses. Antioxidants 2025, 14, 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14060639

AMA Style

Wang L, Chen Q, Wang W, Dong H, Chang X, Chen L, Wang R, Chen Y, Wang P, Chen S, et al. Oral Administration of Propolis and Lysozyme Combination Improves Feline Oral Health and Modulates Systemic Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses. Antioxidants. 2025; 14(6):639. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14060639

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Longjiao, Qianqian Chen, Weiwei Wang, Hao Dong, Xiaohan Chang, Lishui Chen, Ran Wang, Yaoxing Chen, Pengjie Wang, Shuxing Chen, and et al. 2025. "Oral Administration of Propolis and Lysozyme Combination Improves Feline Oral Health and Modulates Systemic Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses" Antioxidants 14, no. 6: 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14060639

APA Style

Wang, L., Chen, Q., Wang, W., Dong, H., Chang, X., Chen, L., Wang, R., Chen, Y., Wang, P., Chen, S., Xiong, W., & Li, Y. (2025). Oral Administration of Propolis and Lysozyme Combination Improves Feline Oral Health and Modulates Systemic Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses. Antioxidants, 14(6), 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14060639

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