Effects of High Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (HF-rTMS) on Delay Discounting in Major Depressive Disorder: An Open-Label Uncontrolled Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Study Design
2.2.1. Intervention
2.2.2. Outcome Measures
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants Characteristics, Missing Data, and Outliers
3.2. Impact of 20 rTMS Sessions on DD
3.3. Impact of One rTMS Session on DD
3.4. Impact of rTMS on the BIS-10
3.5. Impact of rTMS on the BFI-Fr
3.6. Impact of rTMS on Depressive Symptoms
3.7. Correlation between DD and Other Psychiatric Measures
3.8. Side Effects
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measure | Subjects (n) | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 20 | 54.40 | 9.85 |
MCQ (k-value) | |||
Overall | 17 | 0.017 | 0.021 |
Small Rewards | 18 | 0.030 | 0.039 |
Medium Rewards | 18 | 0.012 | 0.019 |
Large Rewards | 17 | 0.014 | 0.030 |
MADRS | 11 | 28.64 | 5.33 |
QIDS-SR16 | 18 | 23.61 | 8.10 |
BIS-10 | |||
Overall | 16 | 74.81 | 20.36 |
Cognitive-impulsivity | 16 | 29.37 | 6.04 |
Motor-impulsivity | 16 | 21.31 | 6.91 |
Non-planning-impulsivity | 16 | 24.56 | 9.24 |
BFI-Fr | |||
Conscientiousness | 18 | 28.22 | 7.34 |
Neuroticism | 18 | 29.28 | 9.20 |
Extraversion | 18 | 18.11 | 5.70 |
Openness to Experience | 18 | 25.89 | 5.27 |
Agreeableness | 18 | 41.50 | 6.16 |
Subjects (n) | Median (Q1;Q3) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-rTMS | Post-20 Sessions | |||
MCQ (k-value) | ||||
Overall | 17 | 0.006 (0.002;0.025) | 0.010 (0.004;0.016) | 0.855 |
Small Rewards | 18 | 0.015 (0.010;0.026) | 0.025 (0.010;0.065) | 0.147 |
Medium Rewards | 18 | 0.004 (0.002;0.010) | 0.010 (0.004;0.025) | 0.029 |
Large Rewards | 17 | 0.004 (0.002;0.010) | 0.004 (0.002;0.010) | 0.303 |
BIS-10 | ||||
Overall | 16 | 76 (66;90.5) | 73.5 (63.5;87.5) | 0.131 |
Cognitive-impulsivity | 16 | 31 (26;33) | 29.5 (25;32) | 0.007 * |
Motor-impulsivity | 16 | 20.5 (17;26.5) | 20 (14.5;26.5) | 0.293 |
Non-planning-impulsivity | 16 | 26.5 (20.5;30.5) | 25.5 (17.5;29.5) | 0.577 |
BFI-Fr | ||||
Conscientiousness | 18 | 26.5 (23;34) | 27.5 (26;35) | 0.341 |
Neuroticism | 18 | 32 (27;35) | 33 (29;35) | 0.585 |
Extraversion | 18 | 18.5 (13;24) | 15.5 (13;21) | 0.061 |
Openness to Experience | 18 | 25.5 (23;29) | 24.5 (21;27) | 0.297 |
Agreeableness | 18 | 42 (38;45) | 41 (36;44) | 0.267 |
MADRS | 11 | 27 (24;32) | 21 (15;29) | 0.023 * |
QIDS-SR16 | 18 | 25.5 (20;28) | 19 (14;24) | 0.024 * |
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Teti Mayer, J.; Nicolier, M.; Tio, G.; Mouchabac, S.; Haffen, E.; Bennabi, D. Effects of High Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (HF-rTMS) on Delay Discounting in Major Depressive Disorder: An Open-Label Uncontrolled Pilot Study. Brain Sci. 2019, 9, 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9090230
Teti Mayer J, Nicolier M, Tio G, Mouchabac S, Haffen E, Bennabi D. Effects of High Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (HF-rTMS) on Delay Discounting in Major Depressive Disorder: An Open-Label Uncontrolled Pilot Study. Brain Sciences. 2019; 9(9):230. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9090230
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeti Mayer, Juliana, Magali Nicolier, Grégory Tio, Stephane Mouchabac, Emmanuel Haffen, and Djamila Bennabi. 2019. "Effects of High Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (HF-rTMS) on Delay Discounting in Major Depressive Disorder: An Open-Label Uncontrolled Pilot Study" Brain Sciences 9, no. 9: 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9090230