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Volume 12
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Article

A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Arterial Stiffness and Cognitive Performances in Physically Active Late Pre- and Early Post-Menopausal Females

by
Amélie Debray
1,2,3,
Louis Bherer
1,4,5,
Christine Gagnon
1,4,
Laurent Bosquet
3,4,
Eva Hay
3,
Audrey-Ann Bartlett
1,2,
Daniel Gagnon
1,2 and
Carina Enea
3,*
1
Montreal Heart Institute, 5055 Rue Saint-Zotique E, Montreal, QC H1T 1N6, Canada
2
School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Université de Montréal, 2100, boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
3
Laboratory MOVE (UR20296), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, Batiment C6, 8 allée Jean Monnet, TSA 31113, CEDEX 9, 86073 Poitiers, France
4
Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, 4565 Chemin Queen Mary, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
5
Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(7), 901; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070901
Submission received: 13 June 2022 / Revised: 1 July 2022 / Accepted: 4 July 2022 / Published: 9 July 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic Healthy, Safe and Active Aging)
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Abstract

Menopause accelerates increases in arterial stiffness and decreases cognitive performances. The objective of this study was to compare cognitive performances in physically active pre- and post-menopausal females and their relationship with arterial stiffness. We performed a cross-sectional comparison of blood pressure, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and cognitive performances between physically active late pre- and early post-menopausal females. Systolic (post-menopause—pre-menopause: +6 mmHg [95% CI −1; +13], p = 0.27; ŋ2 = 0.04) and diastolic (+6 mmHg [95% CI +2; +11], p = 0.06; ŋ2 = 0.12) blood pressures, and cf-PWV (+0.29 m/s [95% CI −1.03; 1.62], p = 0.48; ŋ2 = 0.02) did not differ between groups. Post-menopausal females performed as well as pre-menopausal females on tests evaluating executive functions, episodic memory and processing speed. Group differences were observed on the computerized working memory task. Post-menopausal females had lower accuracy (p = 0.02; ŋ2 = 0.25) but similar reaction time (p = 0.70; ŋ2 < 0.01). Moreover, this performance was inversely associated with the severity of menopausal symptoms (r = −0.38; p = 0.05). These results suggest that arterial stiffness and performance on tests assessing episodic memory and processing speed and executive functions assessing inhibition and switching abilities did not differ between physically active pre- and post-menopausal females. However, post-menopausal females had lower performance on a challenging condition of a working memory task, and this difference in working memory between groups cannot be explained by increased arterial stiffness.
Keywords: executive functions; working memory; vascular health executive functions; working memory; vascular health

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MDPI and ACS Style

Debray, A.; Bherer, L.; Gagnon, C.; Bosquet, L.; Hay, E.; Bartlett, A.-A.; Gagnon, D.; Enea, C. A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Arterial Stiffness and Cognitive Performances in Physically Active Late Pre- and Early Post-Menopausal Females. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070901

AMA Style

Debray A, Bherer L, Gagnon C, Bosquet L, Hay E, Bartlett A-A, Gagnon D, Enea C. A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Arterial Stiffness and Cognitive Performances in Physically Active Late Pre- and Early Post-Menopausal Females. Brain Sciences. 2022; 12(7):901. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070901

Chicago/Turabian Style

Debray, Amélie, Louis Bherer, Christine Gagnon, Laurent Bosquet, Eva Hay, Audrey-Ann Bartlett, Daniel Gagnon, and Carina Enea. 2022. "A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Arterial Stiffness and Cognitive Performances in Physically Active Late Pre- and Early Post-Menopausal Females" Brain Sciences 12, no. 7: 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070901

APA Style

Debray, A., Bherer, L., Gagnon, C., Bosquet, L., Hay, E., Bartlett, A.-A., Gagnon, D., & Enea, C. (2022). A Cross-Sectional Comparison of Arterial Stiffness and Cognitive Performances in Physically Active Late Pre- and Early Post-Menopausal Females. Brain Sciences, 12(7), 901. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12070901

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