Inter-Session Reliability of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy at the Prefrontal Cortex While Walking in Multiple Sclerosis
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Study Procedure
2.3. Equipment and Outcome Measures
2.4. Data Processing
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Data cHbO/cHbR
3.2. Inter-Session Reliability cHbO/cHbR
3.3. Secondary Outcomes
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
6MWT | 6-min walk test |
A | area under the curve |
BA | Brodmann area |
cHbO | concentration of oxyhemoglobin |
cHBR | concentration of deoxyhemoglobin |
CI | confidence interval |
df | degree of freedom |
DLPFC | dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
EDSS | Expanded Disability Status Scale |
EEG | electroencephalography |
FD | first diagnosis |
FM | first manifestation |
fNIRS | functional near-infrared spectroscopy |
fOLD | fNIRS Optodes’ Location Decider |
FPC | frontopolar cortex |
HbO | oxyhemoglobin |
HbR | deoxyhemoglobin |
HC individuals | healthy control individuals |
HR | heart rate |
HRF | hemodynamic response function |
HRV | heart rate variability |
ICC | intraclass correlation coefficient |
l | left |
LF/HF | low frequency/high frequency |
LoA | limits of agreement |
m | medial |
MS | multiple sclerosis |
MSWS-12 | 12-Item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale |
OvGU | Otto von Guericke University |
PFC | prefrontal cortex |
people with MS | people with MS |
r | right |
SC | slope coefficient |
ISR | inter-session reliability |
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Age [Years] | f/m | Weight [kg] | Height [cm] | EDSS | FD [Years] | FM [years] | MSWS-12 [%] | 6MWT [m] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MS (n = 16) | 41.0 ± 12.0 | 14/2 | 74.6 ± 18.1 | 170.1 ± 9.0 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 5.9 ± 6.8 | 8.6 ± 8.7 | 45.0 ± 20.7 | 473.1 ± 109.7 |
HC (n = 19) | 42.2 ± 9.8 | 15/4 | 73.0 ± 16.0 | 171.4 ± 8.8 | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | 533.5 ± 64.5 |
MS (n = 16) | HC (n = 19) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area | Mean | MD | SD | 25% Quartile | 75% Quartile | Mean | MD | SD | 25% Quartile | 75% Quartile | |
Test HbO [µmol/L] | lDLPFC9 | 0.114 # | 0.090 | 0.214 | −0.001 | 0.135 | −0.083 | −0.081 | 0.217 | −0.204 | 0.056 |
rDLPFC9 | 0.055 # | −0.003 | 0.177 | −0.057 | 0.154 | −0.106 # | −0.075 | 0.222 | −0.283 | 0.025 | |
lDLPFC46 | 0.315 # | 0.304 | 0.207 | 0.212 | 0.351 | 0.104 | 0.074 | 0.257 | −0.086 | 0.332 | |
rDLPFC46 | 0.210 | 0.201 | 0.132 | 0.111 | 0.290 | 0.067 | 0.046 | 0.192 | −0.080 | 0.175 | |
mDLPFC9 | 0.067 | 0.034 | 0.155 | −0.050 | 0.180 | −0.113 # | −0.076 | 0.207 | −0.180 | −0.029 | |
lFPC10 | 0.122 | 0.072 | 0.237 | −0.036 | 0.218 | 0.008 | −0.034 | 0.225 | −0.141 | 0.185 | |
rFPC10 | 0.126 | 0.055 | 0.199 | 0.000 | 0.228 | 0.008 | −0.020 | 0.179 | −0.103 | 0.084 | |
mFPC10 | −0.058 | −0.074 | 0.250 | −0.265 | 0.081 | −0.131 | −0.188 | 0.189 | −0.213 | 0.051 | |
Test HbR [µmol/L] | lDLPFC9 | −0.020 | −0.033 | 0.058 | −0.066 | 0.007 | 0.015 | 0.009 | 0.051 | −0.010 | 0.047 |
rDLPFC9 | −0.026 | −0.029 | 0.043 | −0.061 | −0.002 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.052 | −0.017 | 0.038 | |
lDLPFC46 | −0.047 | −0.028 | 0.061 | −0.086 | −0.008 | 0.011 | 0.004 | 0.074 | −0.040 | 0.061 | |
rDLPFC46 | −0.014 | 0.002 | 0.057 | −0.066 | 0.035 | 0.006 | 0.010 | 0.061 | −0.030 | 0.049 | |
mDLPFC9 | −0.055 | −0.055 | 0.065 | −0.114 | −0.001 | 0.000 | −0.006 | 0.056 | −0.031 | 0.030 | |
lFPC10 | −0.048 | −0.046 | 0.055 | −0.084 | 0.003 | −0.003 | 0.001 | 0.049 | −0.044 | 0.043 | |
rFPC10 | −0.023 | −0.038 | 0.058 | −0.067 | 0.020 | 0.011 | 0.002 | 0.064 | −0.037 | 0.038 | |
mFPC10 | −0.014 | −0.015 | 0.075 | −0.045 | 0.011 | −0.004 | 0.003 | 0.062 | −0.050 | 0.052 | |
Retest HbO [µmol/L] | lDLPFC9 | 0.047 | 0.016 | 0.112 | −0.026 | 0.128 | −0.121 | −0.107 | 0.237 | −0.346 | 0.058 |
rDLPFC9 | 0.099 | 0.035 | 0.221 | −0.056 | 0.296 | −0.114 | −0.142 | 0.271 | −0.216 | 0.060 | |
lDLPFC46 | 0.215 | 0.227 | 0.169 | 0.122 | 0.331 | 0.055 | 0.045 | 0.202 | −0.066 | 0.244 | |
rDLPFC46 | 0.208 | 0.170 | 0.281 | 0.040 | 0.452 | 0.089 | 0.081 | 0.305 | −0.036 | 0.236 | |
mDLPFC9 | 0.086 | 0.100 | 0.157 | −0.046 | 0.215 | −0.114 | −0.119 | 0.258 | −0.224 | 0.073 | |
lFPC10 | 0.166 | 0.118 | 0.195 | 0.004 | 0.324 | −0.005 | 0.000 | 0.238 | −0.198 | 0.073 | |
rFPC10 | 0.130 | 0.138 | 0.149 | 0.029 | 0.229 | −0.031 | −0.009 | 0.187 | −0.107 | 0.071 | |
mFPC10 | −0.050 | −0.053 | 0.206 | −0.173 | 0.090 | −0.121 | −0.098 | 0.179 | −0.270 | −0.016 | |
Retest HbR [µmol/L] | lDLPFC9 | 0.005 # | −0.028 | 0.070 | −0.034 | 0.052 | 0.029 | 0.020 | 0.057 | −0.014 | 0.058 |
rDLPFC9 | −0.028 | −0.031 | 0.040 | −0.067 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.008 | 0.076 | −0.043 | 0.078 | |
lDLPFC46 | −0.036 | −0.050 | 0.070 | −0.086 | 0.018 | 0.019 | 0.015 | 0.056 | −0.005 | 0.044 | |
rDLPFC46 | −0.081 # | −0.073 | 0.122 | −0.109 | 0.001 | 0.010 | 0.010 | 0.067 | −0.038 | 0.063 | |
mDLPFC9 | −0.054 | −0.054 | 0.048 | −0.108 | −0.016 | 0.016 | 0.012 | 0.050 | −0.013 | 0.051 | |
lFPC10 | −0.056 | −0.060 | 0.062 | −0.091 | −0.011 | 0.002 | 0.010 | 0.056 | −0.043 | 0.052 | |
rFPC10 | −0.049 | −0.042 | 0.054 | −0.088 | −0.008 | 0.000 | −0.008 | 0.069 | −0.035 | 0.034 | |
mFPC10 | −0.027 | −0.021 | 0.072 | −0.070 | 0.041 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.053 | −0.020 | 0.044 |
Inter-Session Reliability | Mean | Slope Coefficient | Area Under the Curve | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
95% CI | F Test With True Value 0 | 95% CI | F Test With True Value 0 | 95% CI | F Test With True Value 0 | |||||||||||||||||
ICC | Lower | Upper | Value | df1 | df2 | p | ICC | Lower | Upper | Value | df1 | df2 | p | ICC | Lower | Upper | Value | df1 | df2 | p | ||
MS HbO (n = 16) | lDLPFC9 | 0.172# | −0.313 | 0.598 | 1.429 | 15 | 15 | 0.249 | 0.174° | −0.096 | 0.534 | 2.630 | 15 | 15 | 0.035 | 0.172# | −0.313 | 0.598 | 1.429 | 15 | 15 | 0.249 |
rDLPFC9 | 0.026# | −0.490 | 0.510 | 1.050 | 15 | 15 | 0.463 | 0.136 | −0.269 | 0.548 | 1.376 | 15 | 15 | 0.272 | 0.025# | −0.491 | 0.510 | 1.049 | 15 | 15 | 0.463 | |
lDLPFC46 | −0.110# | −0.527 | 0.377 | 0.789 | 15 | 15 | 0.674 | 0.035 | −0.370 | 0.477 | 1.082 | 15 | 15 | 0.440 | −0.110# | −0.528 | 0.377 | 0.789 | 15 | 15 | 0.674 | |
rDLPFC46 | −0.210 | −0.688 | 0.331 | 0.674 | 15 | 15 | 0.773 | 0.101 | −0.443 | 0.568 | 1.211 | 15 | 15 | 0.358 | −0.208# | −0.687 | 0.333 | 0.677 | 15 | 15 | 0.771 | |
mDLPFC9 | 0.389 | −0.134 | 0.736 | 2.208 | 15 | 15 | 0.068 | 0.234 | −0.312 | 0.651 | 1.576 | 15 | 15 | 0.194 | 0.388 | −0.134 | 0.736 | 2.206 | 15 | 15 | 0.068 | |
lFPC10 | 0.257 | −0.272 | 0.661 | 1.667 | 15 | 15 | 0.167 | 0.541 | 0.066 | 0.813 | 3.227 | 15 | 15 | 0.015 | 0.256 | −0.273 | 0.660 | 1.665 | 15 | 15 | 0.167 | |
rFPC10 | 0.313 | −0.231 | 0.697 | 1.856 | 15 | 15 | 0.121 | 0.207 | −0.326 | 0.631 | 1.500 | 15 | 15 | 0.221 | 0.418 | −0.097 | 0.751 | 2.366 | 15 | 15 | 0.053 | |
mFPC10 | 0.157 | −0.392 | 0.604 | 1.351 | 15 | 15 | 0.284 | 0.579 | 0.125 | 0.830 | 3.610 | 15 | 15 | 0.009 | 0.159 | −0.390 | 0.605 | 1.354 | 15 | 15 | 0.282 | |
MS HbR (n = 16) | lDLPFC9 | 0.360# | −0.113 | 0.711 | 2.190 | 15 | 15 | 0.070 | 0.097 | −0.102 | 0.406 | 1.647 | 15 | 15 | 0.172 | 0.361 | −0.112 | 0.712 | 2.193 | 15 | 15 | 0.070 |
rDLPFC9 | 0.391 | −0.138 | 0.739 | 2.206 | 15 | 15 | 0.068 | 0.093 | −0.065 | 0.379 | 2.182 | 15 | 15 | 0.071 | 0.391 | −0.138 | 0.739 | 2.207 | 15 | 15 | 0.068 | |
lDLPFC46 | 0.561 | 0.106 | 0.822 | 3.470 | 15 | 15 | 0.011 | 0.398 | −0.116 | 0.740 | 2.267 | 15 | 15 | 0.062 | 0.562 | 0.107 | 0.822 | 3.477 | 15 | 15 | 0.011 | |
rDLPFC46 | 0.201# | −0.198 | 0.591 | 1.638 | 15 | 15 | 0.175 | 0.298 | −0.155 | 0.669 | 1.951 | 15 | 15 | 0.104 | 0.202 | −0.198 | 0.592 | 1.640 | 15 | 15 | 0.174 | |
mDLPFC9 | 0.523 | 0.036 | 0.805 | 3.060 | 15 | 15 | 0.019 | 0.158 | −0.387 | 0.604 | 1.355 | 15 | 15 | 0.282 | 0.523 | 0.035 | 0.805 | 3.058 | 15 | 15 | 0.019 | |
lFPC10 | 0.536 | 0.065 | 0.810 | 3.212 | 15 | 15 | 0.015 | 0.469 | −0.006 | 0.774 | 2.765 | 15 | 15 | 0.029 | 0.538 | 0.067 | 0.811 | 3.223 | 15 | 15 | 0.015 | |
rFPC10 | 0.483 | 0.042 | 0.777 | 3.191 | 15 | 15 | 0.016 | 0.629 | 0.232 | 0.850 | 4.722 | 15 | 15 | 0.002 | 0.514 | 0.073 | 0.794 | 3.581 | 15 | 15 | 0.009 | |
mFPC10 | 0.464 | −0.029 | 0.774 | 2.670 | 15 | 15 | 0.033 | 0.403 | −0.113 | 0.743 | 2.289 | 15 | 15 | 0.060 | 0.463 | −0.030 | 0.773 | 2.665 | 15 | 15 | 0.033 | |
HC HbO (n = 19) | lDLPFC9 | 0.744 | 0.457 | 0.892 | 6.841 | 18 | 18 | 0.000 | 0.560 | 0.162 | 0.803 | 3.535 | 18 | 18 | 0.005 | 0.745 | 0.457 | 0.892 | 6.845 | 18 | 18 | 0.000 |
rDLPFC9 | 0.529# | 0.099 | 0.790 | 3.132 | 18 | 18 | 0.010 | 0.481 | 0.070 | 0.758 | 3.301 | 18 | 18 | 0.008 | 0.529# | 0.099 | 0.790 | 3.133 | 18 | 18 | 0.010 | |
lDLPFC46 | 0.478 | 0.048 | 0.760 | 2.813 | 18 | 18 | 0.017 | 0.208 | −0.273 | 0.600 | 1.508 | 18 | 18 | 0.196 | 0.478 | 0.049 | 0.760 | 2.816 | 18 | 18 | 0.017 | |
rDLPFC46 | 0.563 | 0.151 | 0.807 | 3.461 | 18 | 18 | 0.006 | 0.306° | −0.124 | 0.652 | 1.944 | 18 | 18 | 0.084 | 0.563 | 0.151 | 0.807 | 3.466 | 18 | 18 | 0.006 | |
mDLPFC9 | 0.392# | −0.083 | 0.715 | 2.221 | 18 | 18 | 0.050 | 0.062 | −0.385 | 0.489 | 1.133 | 18 | 18 | 0.397 | 0.392# | −0.083 | 0.715 | 2.220 | 18 | 18 | 0.050 | |
lFPC10 | 0.612 | 0.223 | 0.831 | 4.001 | 18 | 18 | 0.003 | 0.343° | −0.140 | 0.687 | 1.990 | 18 | 18 | 0.077 | 0.612 | 0.223 | 0.831 | 4.003 | 18 | 18 | 0.003 | |
rFPC10 | 0.507 | 0.087 | 0.775 | 3.040 | 18 | 18 | 0.012 | 0.492 | 0.054 | 0.769 | 2.861 | 18 | 18 | 0.016 | 0.368 | −0.107 | 0.701 | 2.110 | 18 | 18 | 0.061 | |
mFPC10 | 0.615 | 0.228 | 0.833 | 4.044 | 18 | 18 | 0.002 | 0.512 | 0.074 | 0.781 | 2.989 | 18 | 18 | 0.013 | 0.616 | 0.228 | 0.833 | 4.046 | 18 | 18 | 0.002 | |
HbR (n = 19) | lDLPFC9 | 0.548 | 0.153 | 0.796 | 3.488 | 18 | 18 | 0.006 | 0.395 | −0.044 | 0.710 | 2.330 | 18 | 18 | 0.040 | 0.548 | 0.153 | 0.796 | 3.490 | 18 | 18 | 0.006 |
rDLPFC9 | 0.533 | 0.122 | 0.789 | 3.258 | 18 | 18 | 0.008 | 0.543 | 0.134 | 0.795 | 3.334 | 18 | 18 | 0.007 | 0.533 | 0.122 | 0.789 | 3.261 | 18 | 18 | 0.008 | |
lDLPFC46 | 0.552 | 0.131 | 0.802 | 3.334 | 18 | 18 | 0.007 | 0.479 | 0.068 | 0.757 | 2.939 | 18 | 18 | 0.014 | 0.552 | 0.131 | 0.802 | 3.336 | 18 | 18 | 0.007 | |
rDLPFC46 | 0.522 | 0.090 | 0.786 | 3.076 | 18 | 18 | 0.011 | 0.331 | −0.131 | 0.676 | 1.978 | 18 | 18 | 0.079 | 0.522 | 0.090 | 0.786 | 3.075 | 18 | 18 | 0.011 | |
mDLPFC9 | 0.418 | −0.015 | 0.724 | 2.469 | 18 | 18 | 0.031 | 0.306 | −0.179 | 0.664 | 1.841 | 18 | 18 | 0.102 | 0.417 | −0.015 | 0.723 | 2.468 | 18 | 18 | 0.031 | |
lFPC10 | 0.633 | 0.259 | 0.841 | 4.309 | 18 | 18 | 0.002 | 0.123 | −0.360 | 0.544 | 1.270 | 18 | 18 | 0.309 | 0.633 | 0.259 | 0.841 | 4.307 | 18 | 18 | 0.002 | |
rFPC10 | 0.580 | 0.186 | 0.814 | 3.704 | 18 | 18 | 0.004 | 0.684 | 0.341 | 0.865 | 5.137 | 18 | 18 | 0.001 | 0.622# | 0.245 | 0.836 | 4.182 | 18 | 18 | 0.002 | |
mFPC10 | 0.392 | −0.061 | 0.712 | 2.272 | 18 | 18 | 0.045 | 0.206 | −0.210 | 0.581 | 1.572 | 18 | 18 | 0.173 | 0.392 | −0.062 | 0.712 | 2.270 | 18 | 18 | 0.045 |
Bland and Altman (Test–Retest) | Mean | Area Under the Curve | ||||||||||||||||||
Upper LoA | Lower LoA | Upper LoA | Lower LoA | |||||||||||||||||
n | Mean | SD | SE | LoA | Upper CI | Lower CI | LoA | Upper CI | Lower CI | Mean | SD | SE | LoA | Upper CI | Lower CI | LoA | Upper CI | Lower CI | ||
MS HbO [µmol/L] | rDLPFC9 | 16 | −0.044 | 0.280 | 0.070 | 0.505 | 0.760 | 0.250 | −0.592 | −0.337 | −0.847 | −0.869 | 5.592 | 1.398 | 10.090 | 15.184 | 4.996 | −11.829 | −6.735 | −16.923 |
lDLPFC9 | 16 | 0.067 | 0.219 | 0.055 | 0.497 | 0.696 | 0.297 | −0.362 | −0.163 | −0.562 | 1.341 | 4.378 | 1.094 | 9.921 | 13.909 | 5.933 | −7.239 | −3.251 | −11.227 | |
rDLPFC46 | 16 | 0.003 | 0.339 | 0.085 | 0.667 | 0.976 | 0.358 | −0.661 | −0.353 | −0.970 | 0.057 | 6.767 | 1.692 | 13.320 | 19.485 | 7.155 | −13.207 | −7.042 | −19.372 | |
lDLPFC46 | 16 | 0.099 | 0.282 | 0.071 | 0.652 | 0.909 | 0.395 | −0.454 | −0.197 | −0.710 | 1.986 | 5.639 | 1.410 | 13.039 | 18.176 | 7.901 | −9.067 | −3.930 | −14.204 | |
mDLPFC9 | 16 | −0.020 | 0.174 | 0.044 | 0.322 | 0.481 | 0.163 | −0.361 | −0.203 | −0.520 | −0.395 | 3.486 | 0.871 | 6.437 | 9.613 | 3.262 | −7.227 | −4.052 | −10.403 | |
lFPC10 | 16 | −0.044 | 0.266 | 0.066 | 0.477 | 0.719 | 0.235 | −0.565 | −0.323 | −0.807 | −0.879 | 5.309 | 1.327 | 9.526 | 14.363 | 4.690 | −11.285 | −6.449 | −16.122 | |
rFPC10 | 16 | −0.005 | 0.208 | 0.052 | 0.403 | 0.592 | 0.213 | −0.412 | −0.223 | −0.601 | −0.419 | 3.545 | 0.886 | 6.529 | 9.759 | 3.300 | −7.368 | −4.138 | −10.597 | |
mFPC10 | 16 | −0.008 | 0.299 | 0.075 | 0.578 | 0.851 | 0.306 | −0.593 | −0.321 | −0.866 | −0.152 | 5.967 | 1.492 | 11.543 | 16.978 | 6.107 | −11.847 | −6.411 | −17.283 | |
MS HbR [µmol/L] | rDLPFC9 | 16 | 0.002 | 0.046 | 0.012 | 0.092 | 0.134 | 0.050 | −0.088 | −0.046 | −0.130 | 0.043 | 0.920 | 0.230 | 1.845 | 2.683 | 1.008 | −1.759 | −0.921 | −2.597 |
lDLPFC9 | 16 | −0.025 | 0.072 | 0.018 | 0.116 | 0.181 | 0.050 | −0.165 | −0.100 | −0.230 | −0.497 | 1.431 | 0.358 | 2.308 | 3.612 | 1.004 | −3.302 | −1.998 | −4.605 | |
rDLPFC46 | 16 | 0.067 | 0.117 | 0.029 | 0.297 | 0.404 | 0.190 | −0.163 | −0.056 | −0.270 | 1.342 | 2.344 | 0.586 | 5.937 | 8.073 | 3.802 | −3.253 | −1.117 | −5.388 | |
lDLPFC46 | 16 | −0.010 | 0.062 | 0.016 | 0.112 | 0.169 | 0.055 | −0.133 | −0.076 | −0.189 | −0.206 | 1.246 | 0.312 | 2.237 | 3.373 | 1.102 | −2.649 | −1.513 | −3.785 | |
mDLPFC9 | 16 | −0.001 | 0.056 | 0.014 | 0.109 | 0.161 | 0.058 | −0.112 | −0.060 | −0.163 | −0.021 | 1.128 | 0.282 | 2.189 | 3.216 | 1.162 | −2.231 | −1.204 | −3.258 | |
lFPC10 | 16 | 0.008 | 0.057 | 0.014 | 0.120 | 0.172 | 0.068 | −0.104 | −0.052 | −0.156 | 0.156 | 1.142 | 0.285 | 2.394 | 3.434 | 1.354 | −2.081 | −1.041 | −3.121 | |
rFPC10 | 16 | 0.026 | 0.054 | 0.014 | 0.133 | 0.182 | 0.083 | −0.080 | −0.031 | −0.130 | 0.485 | 0.910 | 0.228 | 2.269 | 3.098 | 1.440 | −1.299 | −0.469 | −2.128 | |
mFPC10 | 16 | 0.013 | 0.077 | 0.019 | 0.164 | 0.234 | 0.094 | −0.138 | −0.068 | −0.208 | 0.258 | 1.543 | 0.386 | 3.283 | 4.688 | 1.877 | −2.766 | −1.360 | −4.172 | |
HC HbO [µmol/L] | rDLPFC9 | 19 | 0.008 | 0.244 | 0.056 | 0.486 | 0.689 | 0.282 | −0.469 | −0.265 | −0.673 | 0.168 | 4.869 | 1.117 | 9.712 | 13.782 | 5.641 | −9.375 | −5.304 | −13.445 |
lDLPFC9 | 19 | 0.038 | 0.162 | 0.037 | 0.356 | 0.492 | 0.220 | −0.280 | −0.144 | −0.416 | 0.763 | 3.243 | 0.744 | 7.119 | 9.829 | 4.408 | −5.592 | −2.882 | −8.303 | |
rDLPFC46 | 19 | −0.022 | 0.241 | 0.055 | 0.451 | 0.653 | 0.249 | −0.495 | −0.294 | −0.697 | −0.444 | 4.822 | 1.106 | 9.007 | 13.038 | 4.976 | −9.895 | −5.864 | −13.926 | |
lDLPFC46 | 19 | 0.049 | 0.236 | 0.054 | 0.512 | 0.710 | 0.315 | −0.414 | −0.217 | −0.612 | 0.979 | 4.723 | 1.084 | 10.237 | 14.186 | 6.288 | −8.278 | −4.330 | −12.227 | |
mDLPFC9 | 19 | 0.000 | 0.260 | 0.060 | 0.511 | 0.728 | 0.293 | −0.510 | −0.292 | −0.728 | 0.006 | 5.206 | 1.194 | 10.209 | 14.562 | 5.857 | −10.198 | −5.846 | −14.550 | |
lFPC10 | 19 | 0.013 | 0.207 | 0.048 | 0.419 | 0.593 | 0.246 | −0.393 | −0.220 | −0.567 | 0.262 | 4.144 | 0.951 | 8.384 | 11.849 | 4.920 | −7.861 | −4.397 | −11.326 | |
rFPC10 | 19 | 0.038 | 0.182 | 0.042 | 0.396 | 0.548 | 0.243 | −0.319 | −0.167 | −0.471 | 0.244 | 3.039 | 0.697 | 6.201 | 8.742 | 3.660 | −5.713 | −3.172 | −8.254 | |
mFPC10 | 19 | −0.010 | 0.164 | 0.038 | 0.311 | 0.448 | 0.174 | −0.331 | −0.194 | −0.468 | −0.196 | 3.272 | 0.751 | 6.218 | 8.954 | 3.483 | −6.610 | −3.874 | −9.345 | |
HC HbR [µmol/L] | rDLPFC9 | 19 | −0.011 | 0.052 | 0.012 | 0.092 | 0.136 | 0.048 | −0.114 | −0.070 | −0.157 | −0.214 | 1.049 | 0.241 | 1.842 | 2.719 | 0.965 | −2.270 | −1.393 | −3.147 |
lDLPFC9 | 19 | −0.014 | 0.051 | 0.012 | 0.085 | 0.128 | 0.043 | −0.114 | −0.071 | −0.156 | −0.285 | 1.015 | 0.233 | 1.704 | 2.552 | 0.855 | −2.274 | −1.426 | −3.122 | |
rDLPFC46 | 19 | −0.004 | 0.063 | 0.015 | 0.120 | 0.173 | 0.067 | −0.128 | −0.075 | −0.181 | −0.083 | 1.267 | 0.291 | 2.400 | 3.459 | 1.341 | −2.565 | −1.506 | −3.624 | |
lDLPFC46 | 19 | 0.001 | 0.072 | 0.017 | 0.142 | 0.203 | 0.082 | −0.140 | −0.080 | −0.201 | 0.019 | 1.443 | 0.331 | 2.846 | 4.052 | 1.640 | −2.809 | −1.603 | −4.015 | |
mDLPFC9 | 19 | −0.016 | 0.057 | 0.013 | 0.096 | 0.144 | 0.048 | −0.128 | −0.080 | −0.175 | −0.316 | 1.140 | 0.262 | 1.918 | 2.871 | 0.965 | −2.551 | −1.598 | −3.504 | |
lFPC10 | 19 | −0.005 | 0.045 | 0.010 | 0.084 | 0.122 | 0.046 | −0.094 | −0.056 | −0.132 | −0.103 | 0.907 | 0.208 | 1.674 | 2.432 | 0.916 | −1.880 | −1.122 | −2.638 | |
rFPC10 | 19 | 0.011 | 0.061 | 0.014 | 0.131 | 0.182 | 0.080 | −0.109 | −0.058 | −0.160 | 0.133 | 0.981 | 0.225 | 2.055 | 2.875 | 1.235 | −1.790 | −0.970 | −2.610 | |
mFPC10 | 19 | −0.012 | 0.064 | 0.015 | 0.113 | 0.166 | 0.059 | −0.137 | −0.084 | −0.191 | −0.247 | 1.275 | 0.292 | 2.251 | 3.317 | 1.186 | −2.745 | −1.680 | −3.811 | |
Bland and Altman (Test–Retest) | Slope Coefficient | |||||||||||||||||||
Upper LoA | Lower LoA | |||||||||||||||||||
n | Mean | SD | SE | LoA | upper CI | lower CI | LoA | upper CI | lower CI | |||||||||||
MS HbO [µmol/L] | rDLPFC9 | 16 | 0.167 | 0.329 | 0.082 | 0.812 | 1.111 | 0.512 | −0.478 | −0.178 | −0.777 | |||||||||
lDLPF9 | 16 | 0.385 | 0.225 | 0.056 | 0.826 | 1.031 | 0.621 | −0.055 | 0.149 | −0.260 | ||||||||||
rDLPFC46 | 16 | −0.014 | 0.417 | 0.104 | 0.803 | 1.183 | 0.423 | −0.831 | −0.452 | −1.211 | ||||||||||
lDLPFC46 | 16 | 0.179 | 0.394 | 0.099 | 0.952 | 1.311 | 0.593 | −0.594 | −0.235 | −0.953 | ||||||||||
mDLPFC9 | 16 | 0.028 | 0.404 | 0.101 | 0.818 | 1.186 | 0.451 | −0.763 | −0.396 | −1.131 | ||||||||||
lFPC10 | 16 | 0.022 | 0.247 | 0.062 | 0.506 | 0.731 | 0.281 | −0.461 | −0.236 | −0.686 | ||||||||||
rFPC10 | 16 | −0.041 | 0.269 | 0.067 | 0.486 | 0.731 | 0.241 | −0.568 | −0.323 | −0.813 | ||||||||||
mFPC10 | 16 | −0.033 | 0.296 | 0.074 | 0.547 | 0.817 | 0.278 | −0.613 | −0.343 | −0.883 | ||||||||||
MS HbR [µmol/L] | rDLPFC9 | 16 | −0.108 | 0.049 | 0.012 | −0.012 | 0.033 | −0.057 | −0.205 | −0.160 | −0.249 | |||||||||
lDLPFC9 | 16 | −0.105 | 0.073 | 0.018 | 0.038 | 0.104 | −0.029 | −0.248 | −0.182 | −0.315 | ||||||||||
rDLPFC46 | 16 | 0.062 | 0.144 | 0.036 | 0.345 | 0.477 | 0.213 | −0.221 | −0.090 | −0.353 | ||||||||||
lDLPFC46 | 16 | −0.015 | 0.103 | 0.026 | 0.186 | 0.280 | 0.093 | −0.217 | −0.123 | −0.311 | ||||||||||
mDLPFC9 | 16 | 0.009 | 0.115 | 0.029 | 0.233 | 0.338 | 0.129 | −0.216 | −0.112 | −0.321 | ||||||||||
lFPC10 | 16 | −0.018 | 0.072 | 0.018 | 0.123 | 0.189 | 0.058 | −0.159 | −0.093 | −0.224 | ||||||||||
rFPC10 | 16 | 0.022 | 0.054 | 0.014 | 0.128 | 0.177 | 0.079 | −0.085 | −0.035 | −0.134 | ||||||||||
mFPC10 | 16 | 0.013 | 0.098 | 0.025 | 0.205 | 0.294 | 0.116 | −0.179 | −0.090 | −0.269 | ||||||||||
HC HbO [µmol/L] | rDLPFC9 | 19 | 0.065 | 0.120 | 0.027 | 0.300 | 0.400 | 0.200 | −0.169 | −0.069 | −0.270 | |||||||||
lDLPF9 | 19 | −0.029 | 0.129 | 0.030 | 0.224 | 0.331 | 0.116 | −0.281 | −0.173 | −0.388 | ||||||||||
rDLPFC46 | 19 | −0.107 | 0.305 | 0.070 | 0.490 | 0.745 | 0.236 | −0.704 | −0.449 | −0.959 | ||||||||||
lDLPFC46 | 19 | 0.046 | 0.312 | 0.071 | 0.656 | 0.917 | 0.396 | −0.565 | −0.305 | −0.826 | ||||||||||
mDLPFC9 | 19 | −0.071 | 0.284 | 0.065 | 0.486 | 0.724 | 0.248 | −0.629 | −0.391 | −0.867 | ||||||||||
lFPC10 | 19 | 0.010 | 0.245 | 0.056 | 0.490 | 0.694 | 0.285 | −0.469 | −0.265 | −0.674 | ||||||||||
rFPC10 | 19 | −0.018 | 0.154 | 0.035 | 0.284 | 0.413 | 0.155 | −0.320 | −0.191 | −0.449 | ||||||||||
mFPC10 | 19 | −0.001 | 0.198 | 0.045 | 0.387 | 0.552 | 0.221 | −0.388 | −0.223 | −0.553 | ||||||||||
HC HbR [µmol/L] | rDLPFC9 | 19 | 0.008 | 0.042 | 0.010 | 0.090 | 0.125 | 0.055 | −0.074 | −0.039 | −0.109 | |||||||||
lDLPF9 | 19 | 0.012 | 0.043 | 0.010 | 0.097 | 0.133 | 0.060 | −0.073 | −0.037 | −0.110 | ||||||||||
rDLPFC46 | 19 | −0.016 | 0.083 | 0.019 | 0.147 | 0.216 | 0.077 | −0.180 | −0.110 | −0.249 | ||||||||||
lDLPFC46 | 19 | −0.023 | 0.069 | 0.016 | 0.114 | 0.172 | 0.055 | −0.159 | −0.101 | −0.217 | ||||||||||
mDLPFC9 | 19 | 0.006 | 0.074 | 0.017 | 0.151 | 0.213 | 0.089 | −0.140 | −0.078 | −0.202 | ||||||||||
lFPC10 | 19 | −0.009 | 0.070 | 0.016 | 0.128 | 0.186 | 0.070 | −0.145 | −0.087 | −0.203 | ||||||||||
rFPC10 | 19 | −0.005 | 0.045 | 0.010 | 0.084 | 0.121 | 0.046 | −0.093 | −0.055 | −0.130 | ||||||||||
mFPC10 | 19 | −0.021 | 0.054 | 0.012 | 0.085 | 0.131 | 0.040 | −0.128 | −0.082 | −0.173 |
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Broscheid, K.-C.; Hamacher, D.; Lamprecht, J.; Sailer, M.; Schega, L. Inter-Session Reliability of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy at the Prefrontal Cortex While Walking in Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sci. 2020, 10, 643. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090643
Broscheid K-C, Hamacher D, Lamprecht J, Sailer M, Schega L. Inter-Session Reliability of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy at the Prefrontal Cortex While Walking in Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sciences. 2020; 10(9):643. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090643
Chicago/Turabian StyleBroscheid, Kim-Charline, Dennis Hamacher, Juliane Lamprecht, Michael Sailer, and Lutz Schega. 2020. "Inter-Session Reliability of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy at the Prefrontal Cortex While Walking in Multiple Sclerosis" Brain Sciences 10, no. 9: 643. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090643
APA StyleBroscheid, K.-C., Hamacher, D., Lamprecht, J., Sailer, M., & Schega, L. (2020). Inter-Session Reliability of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy at the Prefrontal Cortex While Walking in Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sciences, 10(9), 643. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090643