The Criterion Validity of the First Year Inventory and the Quantitative-CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers: A Longitudinal Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Psychometric Properties and Validity of the FYI and the Q-CHAT
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Measure of the Early Evaluation of Signs of Risk of Autism (T1/T2)
2.2.2. Diagnostic Evaluation (T3)
2.3. Participants
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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FYI Risk Group | X2(df); p-Value | Q-CHAT Risk Group | X2(df); p-Value | TD Group | X2(df); p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Children’s Socio-Demo Variables | ||||||
N | 36 | / | 29 | / | 111 | / |
Gender M:F | 19:15 | X2(1) = −0.035; p = 0.85 | 21:8 | X2(1) = 240; p = 0.62 | 51:60 | X2(1) = 2.998 ** |
Age in months (mean. sd) | 12.9 (2.2) | 19 (2.3) | 12.44 (1) | |||
Term pregnancy (N%) | 11 (30.6) | X2(1) = 0.063; p = 0.80 | 21 (72.4) | X2(1) = 0.094; p = 0.76 | 79 (71.2) | X2(1) = 219 |
Birth weight (mean. sd) | 3.059 (0.62) | 3.410 (0.54) | 3.310 (0.45) | |||
Family size | First-born = 6; Second-born or more born = 16 | X2(1) = 0.033; p = 0.86 | First-born = 12; Second-born or more = 12 | X2(1) = 1.510; p = 0.22 | First-born = 46; Second-born or more = 48 | X2(1) = 0.443 * |
Parent’s Socio-Demo Variables | ||||||
Mother’ age (mean. sd) | 34.19 (6.1) | 32.9 (7.4) | 34.16 (5.2) | |||
Level of maternal education | High = 22; Low = 12 | X2(1) = 1.376; p = 0.24 | High = 4; Low = 21 | X2(1) = 0.070; p = 0.79 | High = 46; Low = 59 | X2(1) = 2.751 ** |
Father’ age (mean. sd) | 38.18 (7.6) | 36.82 (7.97) | 37.61 (5.8) | |||
Level of paternal education | High = 19; Low = 15 | X2(1) = 260; p = 0.61 | High = 3; Low = 18 | X2(1) = 0.810; p = 0.37 | High = 32; Low = 71 | X2(1) = 5.144 * |
FYI Risk Group | Q-CHAT Risk Group | TD Children | H (df); p-Value X2(df); p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Children’s Socio-Demo Variables | ||||
N | 12 | 11 | 15 | / |
Gender M:F | 6:6 | 8:3 | 10:5 | X2(29) = 1.405 |
Age in months (mean. sd) | 12.5 (0.54) | 19.6 (3.6) | 12.11 (0.92) | H(2) = 23.717 *** |
Term pregnancy (N.%) | 8 (66.7) | 8 (72.7) | 9 (60) | X2(2) = 0.524 |
Birth weight (mean. sd) | 2.744 (1.16) | 3.113 (1.22) | 3.340 (0.671) | H(2) = 1.704 |
Family size | First-born = 2; Second-born or more = 5 | First-born = 7; Second-born or more = 3 | First-born = 9; Second-born or more = 6 | X2(2) = 3.033 |
Parental Socio-Demo Variables | ||||
Mother’s age (mean. sd) | 35.9 (5.3) | 33.18 (6.8) | 34.73 (4.33) | H(2) 1.482 |
Level of maternal education | High = 9; Low = 3 | High = 6; Low = 3 | High = 12; Low = 2 | X2(2) = 1.175 |
Father’s age (mean. sd) | 41.64 (5.2) | 39.36 (8.6) | 36.87 (5.4) | H(2)= 4.142 |
Level of paternal education | High = 6; Low = 5 | High = 4; Low = 4 | High = 12; Low = 2 | X2(2) = 4.013 |
FYI Risk Children M(ds) | TD Children M(ds) | U Mann–Whitney | |
---|---|---|---|
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule -2 | |||
Social Affect | 4 (4.02) | 0.87 (1.12) | U = 24.500 *** |
Restricted and Repetitive Behavior | 0.58 (1.44) | 0.27 (0.45) | U = 89.500 |
Total score | 4.58 (5.4) | 1.13 (1.19) | U = 32.500 ** |
Griffith Scale of Child Development—Developmental Quotient | |||
A—Foundation of Learning | 91.17 (13.67) | 102.87 (11.35) | U = 41.000 * |
B—Language and Communication | 66.25 (35.35) | 105.93 (18.14) | U = 23.500 *** |
C—Eye and Hand Coordination | 92.83 (16.15) | 106.8 (11.57) | U = 40.000 * |
D—Personal-Social-Emotional | 86.67 (30.77) | 106.27 (15.83) | U = 42.500 * |
E—Gross-motor | 101.92 (14.91) | 100.73 (10.59) | U = 89.500 |
GDQ | 82.42 (29.73) | 105.93 (13.18) | U = 33.500 * |
Children’s Behavior Checklist | |||
Affective problems | 3.17 (2.48) [57.58] | 0.67 (1.04) [51.07] | U = 36.500 ** |
Anxiety problems | 4.08 (3.15) [50.75] | 2.33 (1.67) [51.60] | U = 60.000 |
Pervasive problems | 3.50 (2.97) [55.75] | 1.67 (1.49) [51.40] | U = 56.000 |
Attention Deficits and Hyperactivities | 5.58 (3) [52] | 2.87 (2.39) [50] | U = 43.500 * |
Oppositional Defiant Disorder | 2.83 (1.90) [50.92] | 1.67 (1.45) [50.20] | U = 56.000 |
Emotionally reaction | 2.67 (3.55) [49.83] | 1.07 (1.22) [51] | U = 71.500 |
Anxiety/Depression | 3.08 (3.15) [49.17] | 2.07 (1.58) [51.93] | U = 79.500 |
Somatic complaints | 2.75 (2.73) [56.83] | 1.20 (1.37) [52] | U = 59.500 |
Withdrawn | 1.58 (1.97) [54.42] | 0.53 (0.83) [51] | U = 56.000 |
Sleep problems | 5 (4.41) [59.92] | 2 (2.20) [51.73] | U = 54.500 * |
Attention | 3.50 (2.71) [57.17] | 1.13 (1.30) [50.87] | U = 37.000 ** |
Aggressive behaviors | 10.17 (7.31) [54.42] | 5.13 (4.03) [47.8] | U = 49.500 * |
Internalizing problems | 10.08 (9.35) [51.33] | 4.87 (3.96) [43.4] | U = 54.00 |
Externalizing Problems | 13.67 (9.33) [51.08] | 6.27 (4.48) [40.93] | U = 43.500 * |
Total score | 16 (10.92) [40.17] | 6.60 (3.91) [33.4] | U = 29.00 ** |
Q-CHAT Risk Children M(ds) | TD Children M(ds) | U Mann–Whitney | |
---|---|---|---|
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule -2 | |||
Social Affect | 6.91 (8.4) | 0.87 (1.12) | U = 41.000 ** |
Restricted and Repetitive Behavior | 2 (2.05) | 0.27 (0.46) | U = 61.000 |
Total score | 8.91 (10.26) | 1.13 (1.19) | U = 44.500 * |
Griffith Scale of Child Development—Developmental quotient | |||
A—Foundation of Learning | 86.64 (13.13) | 102.87 (11.35) | U = 32.500 ** |
B—Language and Communication | 52.45 (51.38) | 105.93 (18.14) | U = 29.500 ** |
C—Eye and Hand Coordination | 88.18 (16.86) | 106.8 (11.57) | U = 29.000 ** |
D—Personal-Social-Emotional | 83.73 (13.71) | 106.27 (15.83) | U = 21.000 *** |
E—Gross Motor | 100.73 (10.59) | 96.08 (10.80) | U = 74.000 |
GDQ | 79.45 (19.37) | 105.93 (13.18) | U = 23.000 *** |
Children’s Behavior Checklist | |||
Affective problems | 2.75 (2.73) [55.60] | 0.67 (1.05) [51.07] | U = 44.500 * |
Anxiety problems | 3.17 (2.7) [53.1] | 2.33 (1.68) [51.6] | U = 85.500 |
Pervasive problems | 3.67 (4.27) [56.7] | 1.67 (1.50) [51.4] | U = 79.000 |
Attention Deficits and Hyperactivities | 4 (2.76) [52.3] | 2.87 (2.39) [51.33] | U = 66.500 |
Opposition Defiant Disorder | 2 (2.41) [51.1] | 1.67 (1.45) [50.47] | U = 87.500 |
Emotionally reaction | 2.75 (3.54) [53.6] | 1.07 (1.22) [51.07] | U = 67.000 |
Anxiety/Depression | 3 (3.19) [53.6] | 2.07 (1.58) [52.2] | U = 79.500 |
Somatic complaints | 2.08 (2.43) [52.8] | 1.20 (1.37) [52.2] | U = 68.000 |
Withdrawn | 2.08 (2.71) [56.4] | 0.53 (0.83) [51] | U = 65.500 |
Sleep problems | 3.08 (3.45) [53.8] | 2 (2.20) [52.67] | U = 76.500 |
Attention | 2.75 (3.45) [53.4] | 1.13 (1.30) [50.87] | U = 48.500 * |
Aggressive behaviors | 7.50 (8.04) [51.5] | 5.13 (4.03) [50.53] | U = 82.500 |
Internalizing problems | 9.92 (10.27) [47.7] | 4.87 (3.96) [43.4] | U = 71.000 |
Externalizing Problems | 10.25 (9.93) [43.4] | 6.27 (4.48) [40.93] | U = 76.500 |
Total score | 12.83 (12.72) [36] | 6.60 (3.90) [33.40] | U = 67.000 |
FYI | Q-CHAT | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | |
ASD | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 |
No ASD | 8 | 645 | 4 | 516 |
Sensory Regulatory Functions Domain | FYI Total Domain | ADOS-2 SA | ADOS-2 RRB | ADOS-2 Total Score | Scale D | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-communicative domain | −0.683 * | 0.140 | 0.652 * | 0.313 | 0.652 * | −0.122 |
Sensory Regulatory Functions domain | 0.539 | −0.222 | 0.130 | −0.222 | −0.455 | |
FYI Total Domain | 0.549 | 0.510 | 0.549 | −0.745 * | ||
ADOS-2 SA | 0.714 * | 1 ** | −0.272 | |||
ADOS-2 RRB | 0.714 * | −0.545 | ||||
ADOS-2 total score | −0.272 |
β-Value | MAD | v-Value | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
FYI Socio-Communicative domain | ||||
Outcomes | ||||
ADOS-2 Social Affect | 0.32955 | 0.12315 | 37 | 0.0972 |
ADOS-2 Total score | 0.32955 | 0.12315 | 37 | 0.0972 |
FYI total domain | ||||
Outcome | ||||
Scale D | −6.372 | 4.315 | 0 | 0.00195 ** |
Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Q-CHAT Total Score | ADOS-2 SA | ADOS-2 RRB | ADOS-2 Total Score | Scale B | Scale C | Scale D | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factor 1 | −0.975 ** | −0.963 ** | −0.556 | 0.892 ** | 0.902 ** | 0.892 ** | −0.704 * | −0.735 * | −0.289 |
Factor 2 | −963 ** | 0.419 | 0.805 * | 0.820 * | 0.805 * | −0.643 | −0.708 * | −0.697 * | |
Factor 3 | 0.517 | 0.795 * | 0.791 * | 0.795 * | −0.552 | −0.578 | −0.527 | ||
Q-CHAT Total score | 0.600 | 0.585 | 0.600 | −0.439 | −0.345 | −0.289 | |||
ADOS-2 SA | 0.982 ** | 1 ** | −0.873 ** | −0.786 * | −0.838 ** | ||||
ADOS-2 RRB | 0.982 ** | −0.875 ** | −0.873 ** | −0.878 ** | |||||
ADOS-2 Total score | −0.873 ** | −0.786 * | −0.838 ** | ||||||
Scale B | 0.846 ** | 0.878 ** | |||||||
Scale C | 0.946 ** |
β-Value | MAD | v-Value | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Factor 1 | ||||
Outcomes | ||||
ADOS-2 Social Affect | 0.96944 | 0.04942 | 0 | 0.00781 ** |
ADOS-2 Repetitive and Restrictive Behavior | 0.33333 | 0.08237 | 0 | 0.0131 * |
ADOS-2 Total score | 1.2722 | 0.1606 | 0 | 0.00781 ** |
Scale B | 5.75 | 8.31 | 15 | 0.0579 |
Scale C | −2.1667 | 0.8454 | 35 | 0.0156 * |
Factor 2 | ||||
Outcomes | ||||
ADOS-2 Social Affect | 1.8000 | 0.9884 | 36 | 0.0141 * |
ADOS-2 Repetitive and Restrictive Behavior | 0.8000 | 0.1853 | 28 | 0.0223 * |
ADOS-2 Total score | 2.600 | 1.087 | 36 | 0.0141 * |
Scale C | −4.600 | 4.262 | 1 | 0.0207 * |
Scala D | −5.60 | 1.52 | 1 | 0.0207 * |
Factor 3 | ||||
Outcomes | ||||
ADOS-2 Social Affect | 1.5036 | 0.6354 | 36 | 0.00781 ** |
ADOS-2 Repetitive and Restrictive Behavior | 0.34921 | 0.09884 | 28 | 0.0223 * |
ADOS-2 Total score | 1.837 | 0.638 | 36 | 0.00781 ** |
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Levante, A.; Petrocchi, S.; Lecciso, F. The Criterion Validity of the First Year Inventory and the Quantitative-CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers: A Longitudinal Study. Brain Sci. 2020, 10, 729. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100729
Levante A, Petrocchi S, Lecciso F. The Criterion Validity of the First Year Inventory and the Quantitative-CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers: A Longitudinal Study. Brain Sciences. 2020; 10(10):729. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100729
Chicago/Turabian StyleLevante, Annalisa, Serena Petrocchi, and Flavia Lecciso. 2020. "The Criterion Validity of the First Year Inventory and the Quantitative-CHecklist for Autism in Toddlers: A Longitudinal Study" Brain Sciences 10, no. 10: 729. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100729