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Volume 9
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10.3390/app9214719
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Review

A Review of Neurotransmitters Sensing Methods for Neuro-Engineering Research

by
Shimwe Dominique Niyonambaza
1,2,
Praveen Kumar
1,
Paul Xing
3,
Jessy Mathault
1,
Paul De Koninck
1,4,
Elodie Boisselier
2,5,
Mounir Boukadoum
6 and
Amine Miled
1,*
1
LABioTRON Bioeng. Research Laboratory, ECE Dept. Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
2
CUO-Recherche, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec City, QC G3K 1A3, Canada
3
Neurosciences Dept. University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
4
CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
5
Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
6
CoFaMic, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(21), 4719; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214719
Submission received: 1 May 2019 / Revised: 11 June 2019 / Accepted: 11 October 2019 / Published: 5 November 2019
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Abstract

Neurotransmitters as electrochemical signaling molecules are essential for proper brain function and their dysfunction is involved in several mental disorders. Therefore, the accurate detection and monitoring of these substances are crucial in brain studies. Neurotransmitters are present in the nervous system at very low concentrations, and they mixed with many other biochemical molecules and minerals, thus making their selective detection and measurement difficult. Although numerous techniques to do so have been proposed in the literature, neurotransmitter monitoring in the brain is still a challenge and the subject of ongoing research. This article reviews the current advances and trends in neurotransmitters detection techniques, including in vivo sampling and imaging techniques, electrochemical and nano-object sensing techniques for in vitro and in vivo detection, as well as spectrometric, analytical and derivatization-based methods mainly used for in vitro research. The document analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of each method, with the aim to offer selection guidelines for neuro-engineering research.
Keywords: neurotransmitters; sensing methods; nuclear medicine tomographic imaging; optical sensing techniques; electrochemistry; high performance liquid chromatography; microdialysis neurotransmitters; sensing methods; nuclear medicine tomographic imaging; optical sensing techniques; electrochemistry; high performance liquid chromatography; microdialysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Niyonambaza, S.D.; Kumar, P.; Xing, P.; Mathault, J.; De Koninck, P.; Boisselier, E.; Boukadoum, M.; Miled, A. A Review of Neurotransmitters Sensing Methods for Neuro-Engineering Research. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 4719. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214719

AMA Style

Niyonambaza SD, Kumar P, Xing P, Mathault J, De Koninck P, Boisselier E, Boukadoum M, Miled A. A Review of Neurotransmitters Sensing Methods for Neuro-Engineering Research. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(21):4719. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214719

Chicago/Turabian Style

Niyonambaza, Shimwe Dominique, Praveen Kumar, Paul Xing, Jessy Mathault, Paul De Koninck, Elodie Boisselier, Mounir Boukadoum, and Amine Miled. 2019. "A Review of Neurotransmitters Sensing Methods for Neuro-Engineering Research" Applied Sciences 9, no. 21: 4719. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214719

APA Style

Niyonambaza, S. D., Kumar, P., Xing, P., Mathault, J., De Koninck, P., Boisselier, E., Boukadoum, M., & Miled, A. (2019). A Review of Neurotransmitters Sensing Methods for Neuro-Engineering Research. Applied Sciences, 9(21), 4719. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214719

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