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Editorial

Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Environment: Editorial

by
Dimitrios Nikolopoulos
Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, University of West Attica, Petrou Ralli & Thivon 250, GR122 44 Aigaleo, Greece
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(10), 5051; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16105051
Submission received: 23 April 2026 / Revised: 12 May 2026 / Accepted: 13 May 2026 / Published: 19 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Environment)
Versions Notes

1. Introduction

This editorial is a part of the Special Issue (SI) “Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Environment” [1]. This SI has attracted international interest, having been viewed by 117,580 scientists worldwide up to 12 May 2026; it received 16 full paper submissions [2] and published nine papers [1]. In the following, the significance of this SI is described, its aims are given, and the published papers are analysed and presented. Finally, conclusions are drawn and future actions are provided.

2. Significance

The title of this SI comprises the terms “electromagnetic”, “radiation”, “human” sand “environment”, which, not exclusively, include the subjects of Electromagnetism and Humans, Human Radiation Environment and Environmental Electromagnetic Radiation. For example, a search in SCOPUS with the title’s terms between 2021 and 2026, limited to full papers in Physics and Astronomy and Engineering, locates 238 items. A search in MDPI’s Scilit locates 232 papers with the same criteria. It is evident, hence, that both the title and all the related scientific terms attract the interest of the scientific community and those from different disciplines; e.g., see [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42]. As can be observed by the above references, the related literature includes guidelines [3,4], standards [5], related discussions [6,7,8], information on exposure to electromagnetic radiation (e.g., [20,21,22,23,28] and references therein), specific cases [26], bioelectromagnetism [43], Schumann resonances in the human body [44], magnetic field penetration in materials [45] and several other investigations.
Several types of electromagnetic emission are detected in the environment. These include electromagnetic signals in the ultra-low-frequency (ULF) range (<10 Hz, typically below 1 Hz) ([1,25] and references therein); emissions in the extremely low-frequency (ELF) range (typically alternating current (AC) fields and other electromagnetic and non-ionising radiation from 10 Hz to 300 Hz) ([3,4,5,26,44] and references therein); low-frequency (LF) (approximately between 3 kHz and 300 kHz) [1,25] and high-frequency (HF) (between 3 MHz and 300 MHz) emissions [1,25]; microwaves (300 MHz to 300 GHz) [1,3,4,5]; infrared (IR), visible and ultraviolet (UV) radiation; and X-rays and γ-rays [1,45]. The topic of Electromagnetic Radiation in the Environment thus covers a wide range of frequencies from ULF to γ-rays. It also includes the X-rays and γ-rays emitted from all naturally occurring radionuclides, such as the X- and γ-ray emissions from radon (present in soil, water and the atmosphere), emissions from K-40 (present outdoors and within the human body) and the corresponding emissions from the U-238 and Th-232 series [1].
The terms “electromagnetic”, “radiation” and “human” include all the related health effects [1,20,28,40], which are nowadays (2026) considered multifaceted [1]. The scientific literature on these effects emphasises ELF emissions from microwaves (e.g., [12]) and AC power lines [1]; the radiation emitted from mobile phones (e.g., [20,41,46]), base stations (e.g., [1,20,31]), WiFi lans (WLAN) ([47] and references therein) and digital communication antennas ([1,20] and references in 20); and emissions from industrial welding devices (e.g., [8] and references therein). The effects include electrocardiogram (ECG) influences [19], genotoxic effects [21], effects on living organisms (e.g., [29,31] and references therein), emissions from artificial radiation sources [1] and other types of emissions.

3. Aims

Following the analysis of Section 1, the aims of this SI are described by the following keywords: (1) non-ionising radiation; (2) power lines; (3) mobile phones; (4) digital communication systems; (5) ionising radiation; (6) X-rays; (7) γ-rays; (8) naturally emitted γ-radiation in free air from natural radionuclides; (9) health effects; (10) modelling and simulation; (11) electromagnetism; (11) electromagnetic precursors due to ULF, LF, HF, and solar flares.
The aims are hence focused on all aspects of electromagnetic radiation with respect to the human environment.

4. Analysis of the Published Papers

From Table 1, it is evident that the SI has covered collaborations from (A) 11 countries (Lithuania, Ukraine, the USA, Peru, Belgium, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Brazil, Italy, Poland) and (B) four geographical areas (Europe, Central America, South-East America, South-West America). (C) The keywords of the SI were covered partially. (D) The SI has received 21 total citations and 117,580 total views. The paper with most views is that by Nevoit et al. [44] (89,074 views), which is also the one with the most citations (nine) and is one of two papers [44,47] with the most countries of origin of its collaborators (three).
This SI has both positives and negatives. On the positive side, it has successfully gained a large number of views, involved a sufficient number of inter-country collaborations (eleven) and covered broad geographical areas extending throughout Europe and three regions of America. Considering the general tendencies of SIs from MDPI, this SI has amounted a successful number of publications (nine). Given the fact that 16 papers were submitted (see Section 1), the SI also had a successful publication rate (9/16 = 56%), which is notably higher than the publication rate of Applied Sciences in 2025 (13,256 publication/31,908 submissions = 42%) [53]. Regarding the negatives, geographical areas including Asia, Africa and Russia were not covered, alongside insufficient coverage of keywords 2 and 11 of the SI (Section 2). Both these negatives can be attributed to the restricted number of papers, but this appears in several SIs due to the limited total available time for paper submissions. Another negative is the low number of citations (21), yet this is justified because (A) the SI was closed recently, on 20 December 2025, and (B) the last paper of the SI [43] was published very recently, on 8 April 2026. Indeed, there was very limited time left (<4 months) to achieve a sufficient number of citations.
Hence, the appraisal of this SI is, most likely, positive.

5. Paper Presentation

As mentioned in Section 1, the SI [1] to which this editorial belongs published nine papers—(a) six research papers [47,48,49,50,51] and (b) three reviews [43,44,45].

5.1. Research Papers

Beginning with the research papers, Yang et al. [47] report Wi-Fi 6 exposure measurements using a Rohde & Schwarz FSV3030 SA connected to a Clampco AT6000 three-axis isotropic antenna (frequency range of 400 MHz to 6 GHz; maximum accepted electric field strength, 300 V/m), in a single-user scenario where the antenna was installed 30 cm away from a laptop (Figure 1a), 30 cm away from an Access Point (AP) (Figure 1b), and in the centre of a room (Figure 1c) 5 m away from the AP and laptop and with the use of a pyramidal EMF absorber (Figure 3). As shown in Table 3, the paper also reports the use of a mobile phone device. The paper introduced the term Duty Cycle (DC) and reports characteristic DC values in Section 1.1. Several DC values are reported in Figures 6–8 and 10 as box plots for different scenarios (e.g., upload, download, web browsing; see Table 5). Finally, electric fields are given (Figures 12 and 13). The study concluded that DC ranged significantly between 0.7% and 94%, and that the Internet traffic and setup were influential. The paper suggested that all exposures were below the ICNIRP limit of 4.2 V/m.
The paper from Hansson Mild [48] investigated waveforms (Figures 1–5) of welding machines obtained with a Narda ELT 400 and a PICO oscilloscope. Of interest here are the extremely high currents that are used in industrial applications. In Figure 1, the current is 34 kA, and in Figures 2–4 the current is 11 kA. Handheld drill oscilloscope measurements are reported in Figure 5, where the current is ten times higher at the start of the process than in steady-state mode. Then, electric field strength versus time is given in Figure 6 for two scenarios of use of a welding device. Finally, in Figures 7 and 8 uncertainties are discussed. The paper questions the EMF regulations for the scenarios investigated. The paper emphasised workers who are especially at risk (e.g., those wearing implants, insulin users, pregnant women) from magnetic resonance imaging. The paper concluded that more strict regulations should be applied in the future.
The paper of Pietralla et al. [49] investigates the potential use of rock materials collected from the Paraná Sedimentary Basin in Brazil (Figure 1) for X-ray and γ-ray radiation shielding. The rock samples were sieved using a 2 mm mesh and then ground to a particle size of approximately 45 µm using a mortar and pestle. In this way, a fine mesh sample was produced in order to analyse the chemical structure of the samples in reference to different oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, SO3, and TiO2) (Table 1). In Section 2, the paper introduces useful radiation shielding parameters (the Mass Attenuation Coefficient, the Mean Free Path, the Half Value Layer, the Tenth Value Layer, the equivalent atomic number and the Build-up Factor). The chemical analysis showed that in the utilised rock layers, there was a predominance of silicon and aluminium oxides. As shown in Table 1, the chemical composition (wt. %) ranged between (66.56 ± 0.01) and (72.23 ± 0.01) for SiO2 and between (22.53 ± 0.01) and (27.77 ± 0.01) otherwise. The paper reported that the Mass Attenuation Coefficient for the lowest photon energy (0.015 MeV) was highest for the RMPS sample and lowest for the AR2 sample (Figure 3a). It was found that, for photons with an energy of 1.0 MeV, the Mass Attenuation Coefficient values ranged from 0.0632 cm2/g to 0.0633 cm2/g (Figure 3c), whereas at 10 MeV of photon energy, these values ranged between 0.0226 cm2/g and 0.0227 cm2/g. Figure 5 reports Mean Free Path values for the energy values of 0.015 MeV, 0.1 MeV, 1 MeV and 10 MeV. The Mean Free Path values ranged between 0.087 cm and 28.21 cm. For the above energy range, the Half Value Layer ranged between 0.065 cm and 19.55 cm and the Tenth Value Layer ranged between 0.021 cm and 65.0 cm. Figure 8 presents Energy Build-up factors with energy for four rock samples, and all showed strong dependency on photon energy. Similar tendencies and associations with energy spikes are presented in Figure 9 for the Exposure Build-up Factor. The contributions of the photon–matter interaction phenomena are presented in Figure 10. The paper concluded that the chemical composition of the samples had a considerable impact on their shielding performance, where the samples containing higher amounts of heavier elements proved to be more effective at attenuating radiation, efficiently reducing the Half and Tenth Value Layer of the photons and simultaneously reducing the bias from the secondary photons.
The paper from Aiello et al. [50] describes a Finite Element Method–Dirichlet Boundary Condition (the so-called FEM-DBCI method) for the computation of coupling factors between time-harmonic magnetic fields and human bodies. The proposed method is based on an equation which combines the rotation of the phasor of an electric field (∇ × electric field phasor) with Maxwell’s equation term jωσE (E = phasor), incorporated in the partial differential equation (Equation (1)). A set of current conductors are given in Figure 1 which are characterised by conductivity σ and permeability µ enclosed by a fictitious boundary ΓF. A Dirichlet condition for the outward unit vector normal to ΓF is given in Equation (2). After a model of equations, Equation (9) is derived, which combines the vector of the mean tangent components of the electrical field along the edges of the fictitious boundary ΓF and the H and G dense matrices. Finally a matrix–vector multiplication equation is derived (Equation (10)), which constitutes the FEM-SDBCI method. Thereafter, a series of equations are mathematically derived, combining quantities associating electric field and magnetic field densities and an introduced parameter, alpha. The model is then described for a tetrahedral human body model, enlarged for the head (Figure 2). A series of equations yield to the coupling factor (Equations (24) and (25)). Thereafter, the heating power density is drawn on the skin of the human model in Figure 4, for two different distances of the coil from the skin.
The paper by Losardo et al. [51] combines the modelling of relevant real environments (including human beings), electromagnetic simulations to evaluate the propagation of the electromagnetic field in real scenarios, microwave inactivation principles and fluid dynamic simulations to study particle emission and diffusion. A real environment study is presented in Figure 1; a complex computer-aided design designed the geometric model in Figure 2. Electromagnetic simulations conducted using CST Microwave Studio 2024 (Dassault Systèmes, Velizy-Villacoublay, France) assessed the distribution of the electromagnetic field within the modelled room when a electromagnetic device (E4Shield, Figure 3, modelled for electromagnetic emissions in Figure 4) is utilised. Figure 5 presents very complex simulation plots for two different locations of the E4Shield and discusses the results. The paper stated that, considering conductivity and muscle density, the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) was calculated to be 0.002 W/kg under these conditions and was within the ICNIRP regulations (SAR < 2 W/kg for the head and trunk). Then, the paper utilised a fluid-dynamic method to simulate the distribution of viral load due to SARS-CoV-2 emitted by an infected individual within a confined environment. Through a Euclidian simulation, Figures 8 and 9 present complex 3D and mesh plots of the electric field in the simulated room. Through a Lagrangian simulation, Figure 10 presents the transit time for each individual particle within the electromagnetic wave field generated by the E4Shield device, taking into account the relative probability of virus inactivation in the particle. Finally, the gas concentrations in the proximity of the near and far susceptible individuals, with and without an active E4Shield placed on the wall or table, are presented in Table 5, and, with an Eulerian simulation, the radiant system with primary air in the summer season is presented for the two individuals in Figure 12. The paper presented very modern simulations and results.
Finally, the paper from Pawlak et al. [52] (as very successfully abstracted) investigates the impact of EMF at a frequency of 1800 MHz on the concentrations of selected hormones, sperm motility, viability, and morphology, and behaviours in laboratory rats. Two groups were formed by the authors, control (n = 14 rats) and experimental (n = 14 rats). The rats in the experimental group were exposed to electromagnetic waves for 10 min, four times daily, for 12 weeks. The control specimens were kept in standard conditions. After 12 weeks, half of each group was killed, while the other half was maintained for another 4 weeks with no electromagnetic emission. An electromagnetic generator emitting electromagnetic waves in the GSM cellular network range (1100–2100 MHz) was used with 330 mW average output power. Through a blood collection scheme, nine categories (I to IX) were formed. Following the blood collection scheme, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and corticosterone concentrations were analysed. Special care was taken for animal stress minimisation. After killing of the rats, an eosin–nigrosine test was conducted to assess the sperm viability. After a chemical procedure, the pink-coloured dead spermatozoa and colourless live spermatozoa were separated. Sperm morphology was measured as well. A set of behaviour tests were conducted on the mice (Elevated Plus Maze and Open Field test). A series of statistical tests with the SAS/STAT® program were also conducted. In Figure 1, the mean concentrations of corticosterone (A) and thyroid-stimulating hormone of the nine categories are presented, and Figure 2 shows the sperm mobility between the control and experimental groups. The plus maze parameters and open field test parameters are given in Tables 1 and 2 according to the extended statistical criteria presented. Pearson’s correlation results are given in Tables 3 and 4. According to the conclusion of the abstract of the paper, elevated corticosterone levels and decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were observed in the experimental specimens, which persisted for 2 weeks after the cessation of electromagnetic field emission. Exposure to electromagnetic fields also resulted in decreased sperm motility and viability, as well as increased rat anxiety. This study shows that exposure to electromagnetic fields (1800 MHz) may affect the endocrine status of the body and the behaviour and reproductive functions of animals. The authors concluded that the hormonal disorders appeared to be reversible.

5.2. Review Papers

The paper of Nevoit et al. [43] is an extensive review on human bioelectromagnetism and the environment. At first, the authors state that electromagnetism is present in cell membranes, the heart, the nervous system, the brain and several other parts. Then, the authors mention that humans live in an anthropogenic electromagnetic environment via cables, devices and technology. Then, they support the notion that electromagnetic energy can also treat diseases. From this perspective, they support the necessity of studying within this scientific framework. To form their review, they collected 607 papers through Scopus, Entrez Pubmed and Google Scholar, which they discuss in their 58-page review. Figure 1 presents the framework of this review very characteristically. In brief, it contains a section on humans in the electromagnetic environment of Earth, a section on the bioelectromagnetism of human structures in association with the external environment, and the mechanisms of interactions. Figure 2 presents the main components of the Earth’s electromagnetic field, including the electromagnetic energy from the Sun, the Schuman resonances [51], the electromagnetic field of the Earth itself, the atmosphere, the biosphere, the aquatic environment and the anthropogenic aspect. Thereafter, the authors present the formation of the electromagnetic field of the Earth in the sense of the lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosperic coupling [25], the geomagnetic field of the Earth due to magnetic materials, and currents within the Earth and their changes due to near-gravitational sources. Then, the authors mention the interaction of the electromagnetic field of Earth with biological life in Section 3.1.2. The biogenic–biospheric electromagnetic field is presented in Section 3.1.3. Examples are given of the fields generated by living biological organisms, the responses of plants to field changes, and the endogenous fields of animals. The voltages and currents of these are referenced here. The anthropogenic electromagnetic fields are presented in Section 3.1.4. These have also been outlined in this editorial. The bioelectromagnetism of humans is analysed in Section 3.2. Examples include the synchronisation of the body to the Earth’s fields with internal emissions between 10−4 Hz and 10 Hz, electrostatic fields up to 80 V/m, and the magnetic fields of muscles, the heart and the brain. The magnetoelectrochemical coupling of humans with the Earth is presented in Section 3.2.1. A characteristic figure of human biomagnetism is presented in Figure 3. The effects and mechanisms of electromagnetic influence are given in Section 3.3.2. Characteristically, the direct and indirect effects on biophoton signalling of external fields is presented in Figure 4. Figure 5 presents the mechanisms of interaction between external electromagnetic fields and the human body. Finally the problems and prospects are presented in Section 3.4, where there is a very significant diagram of the whole review, since it outlines all the presented aspects. The most characteristic conclusion is that the interaction between the human body and the external electromagnetic fields has biophysical and biochemical coupling mechanisms, anthropogenic factors, physical existing external fields and other parameters.
The paper of Nevoit et al. [44] provides a theoretical framework for the integration of interdisciplinary knowledge in geomagnetism, magnetobiology, physiology of the human body and medicine. The paper is targeted to the interaction between the human body and the Earth’s magnetic field at the Schumann resonances (SRs). The reporting team, including mathematicians, biophysicists and medical scientists of various specialties, present scientific evidence regarding the aspects and mechanisms of interaction between the human body and the Earth’s magnetic field in the SR frequency spectrum, derived after an extensive literature research of 153 papers. According to the authors, the electromagnetic spectrum of the Earth—ranging from static fields (0 Hz) to 300 GHz and including radio waves, infrared radiation, light radiation, X-ray radiation and gamma radiation, local thunderstorm activity, air ionisation due to the Sun’s corona discharges, solar radiation, resonance phenomena and radiation from far and near outer space (stars, nebulae, galaxies and other astronomical objects)—constitutes a universal energy and information carrier with no sharp boundaries. Earth is considered as a spherical capacitor which, under the influence of solar radiation, generates a circular conductor in the atmosphere (ionosphere, also called the plasmasphere), and is considered as an inexhaustible generator and energy accumulator. In this sense, the plasmasphere is a spherical resonator, impenetrable to several frequency ranges, that constitutes a wave channel and altogether generates a mirror cavity forming a certain characteristic pattern of low-frequency electromagnetic resonances constantly existing above the Earth’s surface, with peaks at frequencies around 7.8, 14.3 and 20 Hz, which are called SRs. According to the authors, waves of these frequencies are standing electromagnetic waves, the length of which approximately corresponds to the circumference of the Earth at slightly varied amplitudes. Their main source is the lightning discharges in the Earth’s atmosphere. These SR waves interact with the human body via magnetoelectrochemical electromagnetic interactions between the subatomic and organismal, quantum level of human cells. They also interact via synchronisation of the human body and the Earth’s magnetic field at SRs. After the formation of the theoretical basis, the paper then reviews the influence of SRs on the functioning of the internal organs (Section 3.4), as well as the interactions between the nervous (Section 3.4.1), cardiovascular (Section 3.4.2), and urinary (Section 3.4.3) systems and the skin (Section 3.4.4). Finally, the mechanisms of interaction between the human body and the Earth’s magnetic field at SR is given in Section 3.5. A very interesting figure which summarises the whole review is given in Figure 1. This figure combines the structural levels of the human body with the photonic mechanisms at the SRs. It was concluded that low-frequency SRs decrease the risk of developing acute myocardial infarction, with a tendency to promote chronic kidney disease, and that the SRs are an important external natural factor influencing the human body.
The paper from Ascona García et al. [45] systematically reviews the penetration of magnetic fields in conductors, semiconductors, superconductors, insulators and natural materials and modelling applications in medicine, engineering, and basic sciences. This is necessitated because magnetic fields are applied today in food heating and cooking, health (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging), engineering and industrial applications. Figure 2 summarises the most frequent uses of magnetic fields. According to the authors, the ability of the magnetic field to penetrate bulk, substances, and biological structures with different density compositions and other structures is essential for multiple applications. This review involved a search in Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and IOPSCIENCE utilising the PRISMA method to define inclusion and exclusion criteria. The chronology of the search was between 1975 and 2024, with 57,908 articles accessed. Figure 3 presents the information search flow for the article exclusion. According to Section 2, SPSS 26, Excel 2024, VOSviewer 1.6.19, Tableau 2023.4, and Math Type 7.5 were employed in the data analysis. Table 1 is the crucial table of the review paper. It has 50 papers with titles, journals, countries, materials and penetration depths, among other parameters. Then, the authors present the Maxwell equations and London’s theory, yielding to the calculation of parameter lambda (penetration depth). Figure 4 presents types of materials in the included papers (three types of semi-conductors, natural materials and conductors). The chronological distribution of papers is shown in Figure 5 and the geographical distribution in Figure 6. Figure 7 presents bar plots for different areas of application, e.g., material and theoretical physics, medical and civil engineering and others. Table 2 presents penetration depths of numerous type II semiconductors with values for lambda ranging from 86 nm to 3206 nm. The linear correlation analysis between lambda and Tc is presented in Table 3. There is an inverse correlation; namely, as Tc increases lambda also tends to be higher. The penetration depths of natural materials (e.g., rock, brain, carbon fibre, etc.) are given in Table 4. Values range between 5.03 m and 5.03 × 106 m. The penetration depths of type I semiconductors are given in Figure 9, with values between 12 nm and 75 nm. The conductive materials (Table 5) have penetration depths between 10.31 nm and 79.47 nm. Finally, Table 6 provides the penetration depths of insulating materials, which range between 5 × 103 nm and 15 × 109 nm. Figure 10 presents the penetrating depths of heavy metals (1 nm to 5.5 nm). The authors conclude that the penetration of the magnetic field depends on the conductivity, magnetic permeability, frequency and temperature.

6. Conclusions

This SI has fully covered the subject in hand. The next step could be to produce an SI on the modern applications of electromagnetic applications and their effects on both humans and the environment.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Acknowledgments

The Guest Editor acknowledges all authors contributing to the SIs and the reviewers for their efforts that assisted in paper quality enhancement. The views expressed are solely those of the author. The Guest Editor would like to personally thank Lainey Lai (in-house editor and responsible editor for the SI) for all the assistance and the hard work in the total organisation and, most importantly, the dissemination of this SI. A significant portion of the success of this SI is due to Lainey Lai.

Conflicts of Interest

The author declares no conflicts of interest.

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Table 1. Distribution of papers per country and geographical area, SI keywords, views and citations.
Table 1. Distribution of papers per country and geographical area, SI keywords, views and citations.
PaperCountryGeographical AreaSIs KeywordsViewsCitations
[43]LithuaniaEuropenon-ionising radiation, electromagnetism, health effects69890
UkraineEurope
[44]LithuaniaEuropenon-ionising radiation, health effects, modelling and simulation, electromagnetism89,0749
UkraineEurope
USACentral America
[45]PeruSouth East Americanon-ionising radiation, modelling and simulation, electromagnetism70545
[47]BelgiumEuropenon-ionising radiation, mobile phones, health effects, digital communication systems, electromagnetism, modelling and simulation43561
The NetherlandsEurope
SpainEurope
[48]SwedenEuropeElectromagnetism, non-ionising radiation, naturally emitted γ-radiation in free air from natural radionuclides, health effects36550
[49]BrazilSouth-West Americaionising radiation, modelling and simulation, health effects, X-rays, γ-rays, naturally emitted γ-radiation in free air from natural radionuclides10082
[50]ItalyEuropeElectromagnetism, modelling and simulation, health effects16620
[51]ItalyEuropeElectromagnetism, modelling and simulation, health effects14821
[52]PolandEuropeElectromagnetism, modelling and simulation, health effects23003
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Nikolopoulos, D. Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Environment: Editorial. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 5051. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16105051

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Nikolopoulos D. Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Environment: Editorial. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(10):5051. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16105051

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Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios. 2026. "Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Environment: Editorial" Applied Sciences 16, no. 10: 5051. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16105051

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Nikolopoulos, D. (2026). Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Environment: Editorial. Applied Sciences, 16(10), 5051. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16105051

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