Human-Centered Design Optimization of VR Museums for Bronze Wine Vessels: A Systematic AHP–QFD Approach

Fang, Wen-Ting; Chen, Ranzi; Guo, Wenbo; Wang, Shiao; Wu, Jun; Lin, Rungtai

doi:10.3390/app16104908

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Human-Centered Design Optimization of VR Museums for Bronze Wine Vessels: A Systematic AHP–QFD Approach

by

Wen-Ting Fang

^1,*,

Ranzi Chen

¹,

Wenbo Guo

¹,

Shiao Wang

¹,

Jun Wu

²

and

Rungtai Lin

³

¹

School of Art and Design, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai 200240, China

²

Division of Arts, School of Art and Design, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

³

Graduate School of Creative Industry Design, National Taiwan University of Arts, New Taipei City 220241, Taiwan

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(10), 4908; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16104908

Submission received: 2 April 2026 / Revised: 11 May 2026 / Accepted: 12 May 2026 / Published: 14 May 2026

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human-Centered Design in Wearable Technology)

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Abstract

While digital heritage preservation often prioritizes visual fidelity, it frequently overlooks cultural narratives and emotional resonance. This study proposes a systematic human-centered design (HCD) framework integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to optimize Virtual Reality (VR) museums for ancient bronze vessels. By mapping 35 user requirements onto 25 technical parameters through the House of Quality (HOQ), the research identifies “Cultural Memory Inheritance,” “Artistic Expression,” and “Emotional Resonance” as the pivotal requirements. These findings suggest that technical specifications should serve as a foundation for narrative depth rather than as ultimate objectives. A synergistic strategy—comprising technical implementation, semantic translation, and effectiveness enhancement—is delineated to guide design priorities. Validated through a prototype VR system, this framework offers a replicable, data-driven methodology for cultural digitization, advocating for a value-oriented paradigm in immersive museum design grounded in authenticity and emotional engagement.

Keywords: VR museums; cultural heritage digitization; AHP-QFD; human-centered design; bronze wine vessels

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fang, W.-T.; Chen, R.; Guo, W.; Wang, S.; Wu, J.; Lin, R. Human-Centered Design Optimization of VR Museums for Bronze Wine Vessels: A Systematic AHP–QFD Approach. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 4908. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16104908

AMA Style

Fang W-T, Chen R, Guo W, Wang S, Wu J, Lin R. Human-Centered Design Optimization of VR Museums for Bronze Wine Vessels: A Systematic AHP–QFD Approach. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(10):4908. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16104908

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fang, Wen-Ting, Ranzi Chen, Wenbo Guo, Shiao Wang, Jun Wu, and Rungtai Lin. 2026. "Human-Centered Design Optimization of VR Museums for Bronze Wine Vessels: A Systematic AHP–QFD Approach" Applied Sciences 16, no. 10: 4908. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16104908

APA Style

Fang, W.-T., Chen, R., Guo, W., Wang, S., Wu, J., & Lin, R. (2026). Human-Centered Design Optimization of VR Museums for Bronze Wine Vessels: A Systematic AHP–QFD Approach. Applied Sciences, 16(10), 4908. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16104908

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Human-Centered Design Optimization of VR Museums for Bronze Wine Vessels: A Systematic AHP–QFD Approach

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