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Open AccessArticle
Optimal Generation Scheduling for Electric Propulsion Ships with Variable-Speed Diesel Generators and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Under Environmental Constraints
by
Yujeong Kang
Yujeong Kang
Dawon Jung
Dawon Jung
Il-Yop Chung
Il-Yop Chung
1
School of Electrical Engineering, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
2
Hanwha Ocean, 3370, Geoje-daero, Geoje-si 53302, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(10), 4726; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16104726 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 15 April 2026
/
Revised: 6 May 2026
/
Accepted: 7 May 2026
/
Published: 10 May 2026
Abstract
This study presents an optimal strategy for hybrid electric propulsion ships with variable-speed diesel generators (VSDGs) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). With the International Maritime Organization imposing stricter environmental regulations, shipboard power systems must satisfy emission limits and operational constraints cost-effectively. To address this challenge, a Lagrangian relaxation (LR)-based optimization framework integrating unit commitment and economic dispatch is developed. Practical operational constraints reflecting realistic shipboard conditions are incorporated. The effectiveness of the proposed framework was evaluated through simulation-based case studies under various realistic operating conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed LR framework achieves lower total fuel costs than conventional priority-list methods while complying with environmental regulations under diverse operating scenarios.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Kang, Y.; Jung, D.; Chung, I.-Y.
Optimal Generation Scheduling for Electric Propulsion Ships with Variable-Speed Diesel Generators and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Under Environmental Constraints. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 4726.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app16104726
AMA Style
Kang Y, Jung D, Chung I-Y.
Optimal Generation Scheduling for Electric Propulsion Ships with Variable-Speed Diesel Generators and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Under Environmental Constraints. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(10):4726.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app16104726
Chicago/Turabian Style
Kang, Yujeong, Dawon Jung, and Il-Yop Chung.
2026. "Optimal Generation Scheduling for Electric Propulsion Ships with Variable-Speed Diesel Generators and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Under Environmental Constraints" Applied Sciences 16, no. 10: 4726.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app16104726
APA Style
Kang, Y., Jung, D., & Chung, I.-Y.
(2026). Optimal Generation Scheduling for Electric Propulsion Ships with Variable-Speed Diesel Generators and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Under Environmental Constraints. Applied Sciences, 16(10), 4726.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app16104726
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