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Applied Sciences
Volume 16
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10.3390/app16104606
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Review

Leptin and Adiponectin as Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Publication Trends and Research Advances

by
Svetla Slavova
1,
Djeni Cherneva
1,
Tsonka Dimitrova
1,
Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva
2,
Deyana Vankova
2,
Kaloyan Mihalev
3,
Emil Kovachev
4 and
Galina Yaneva
1,*
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University “Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov”, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
2
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University “Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov”, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University “Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov”, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
4
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University “Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov”, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(10), 4606; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16104606
Submission received: 26 March 2026 / Revised: 29 April 2026 / Accepted: 5 May 2026 / Published: 7 May 2026
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Leptin and adiponectin immunohistochemical expression patterns in colorectal malignancy can be used for better patient stratification. Data about the role of these two adipokines in colorectal tumorigenesis highlights their potential in improving diagnostic accuracy. Additionally, the analysis of research trends identifies key gaps in biomarker-driven studies in colorectal cancer.

Abstract

Background: Leptin and adiponectin play a key role in obesity-associated malignancy, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC). Immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of these adipokines may offer valuable prognostic insights in CRC. This study aimed to analyze global publication trends and summarize current knowledge on the potential of these hormones as IHC biomarkers in CRC. Methods: A problem-oriented bibliometric analysis, including publications from 2000 to 2025, was performed across the MEDLINE and Scopus databases. In parallel, a literature review was conducted to present the biological and clinical relevance of these adipokines in CRC. Results and Discussion: A total of 101 publications were identified. Scopus indexed substantially more studies than MEDLINE. The journals Cancer Research, Journal of BUON, Cells, BMC Cancer, and Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention were identified as the core journals publishing on this topic over the 25-year period. The leading countries were China and the USA. A review of the literature showed that adiponectin is a promising prognostic marker, while leptin appears to be a better indicator of disease progression. Conclusions: IHC research on leptin and adiponectin in CRC is a promising but still underexplored area. Their integration with routine molecular assessment has the potential to improve patient stratification.
Keywords: immunohistochemical biomarkers; colorectal cancer; leptin; adiponectin; publication trends immunohistochemical biomarkers; colorectal cancer; leptin; adiponectin; publication trends

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MDPI and ACS Style

Slavova, S.; Cherneva, D.; Dimitrova, T.; Kiselova-Kaneva, Y.; Vankova, D.; Mihalev, K.; Kovachev, E.; Yaneva, G. Leptin and Adiponectin as Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Publication Trends and Research Advances. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 4606. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16104606

AMA Style

Slavova S, Cherneva D, Dimitrova T, Kiselova-Kaneva Y, Vankova D, Mihalev K, Kovachev E, Yaneva G. Leptin and Adiponectin as Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Publication Trends and Research Advances. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(10):4606. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16104606

Chicago/Turabian Style

Slavova, Svetla, Djeni Cherneva, Tsonka Dimitrova, Yoana Kiselova-Kaneva, Deyana Vankova, Kaloyan Mihalev, Emil Kovachev, and Galina Yaneva. 2026. "Leptin and Adiponectin as Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Publication Trends and Research Advances" Applied Sciences 16, no. 10: 4606. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16104606

APA Style

Slavova, S., Cherneva, D., Dimitrova, T., Kiselova-Kaneva, Y., Vankova, D., Mihalev, K., Kovachev, E., & Yaneva, G. (2026). Leptin and Adiponectin as Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Publication Trends and Research Advances. Applied Sciences, 16(10), 4606. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16104606

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