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Article

Coverage Error of Three Shade Guides to Vital Unrestored Maxillary Anterior Teeth in a Greek Population

by
Sofia Diamantopoulou
and
Efstratios Papazoglou
*
Department of Operative Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010393
Submission received: 14 November 2025 / Revised: 22 December 2025 / Accepted: 26 December 2025 / Published: 30 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Science and Engineering)

Abstract

Several studies have attempted to define the performance of most commercially available shade guides. The purpose of the present study was to compare the coverage errors of three commercial shade guides for a selected Greek population and to investigate whether there is a difference between the coverage errors of the three shade guides for different types of anterior teeth of the selected population. Adult participants with healthy maxillary anterior teeth were recruited for color assessment. Color coordinates were measured for central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines of 212 individuals. Tooth shades were measured at the middle third using the Spectroshade Micro spectrophotometer, and three shade guide systems (Ivoclar, Vitapan Classical, and 3D Master) were evaluated under standardized conditions for comparison. The coverage errors of Ivoclar and Vitapan classical shade guides were not significantly different from each other for all teeth and for the three tooth types separately. However, 3D Master shade guide exhibited significantly lower coverage errors for all teeth and for the three tooth types separately (p < 0.001). 3D Master performed better than the other two shade guides for shade matching with natural dentition in the selected population.
Keywords: shade guides; coverage error; natural teeth color space shade guides; coverage error; natural teeth color space

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MDPI and ACS Style

Diamantopoulou, S.; Papazoglou, E. Coverage Error of Three Shade Guides to Vital Unrestored Maxillary Anterior Teeth in a Greek Population. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 393. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010393

AMA Style

Diamantopoulou S, Papazoglou E. Coverage Error of Three Shade Guides to Vital Unrestored Maxillary Anterior Teeth in a Greek Population. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(1):393. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010393

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diamantopoulou, Sofia, and Efstratios Papazoglou. 2026. "Coverage Error of Three Shade Guides to Vital Unrestored Maxillary Anterior Teeth in a Greek Population" Applied Sciences 16, no. 1: 393. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010393

APA Style

Diamantopoulou, S., & Papazoglou, E. (2026). Coverage Error of Three Shade Guides to Vital Unrestored Maxillary Anterior Teeth in a Greek Population. Applied Sciences, 16(1), 393. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010393

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