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Applied Sciences
Volume 15
Issue 9
10.3390/app15095064
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

AI-Driven Consensus: Modeling Multi-Agent Networks with Long-Range Interactions Through Path-Laplacian Matrices

by
Yusef Ahsini
,
Belén Reverte
and
J. Alberto Conejero
*
Instituto Universitario Matemática Pura y Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(9), 5064; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15095064
Submission received: 10 April 2025 / Revised: 26 April 2025 / Accepted: 30 April 2025 / Published: 2 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Artificial Neural Network Applications)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Extended connectivity in graphs can be analyzed through k-path Laplacian matrices, which permit the capture of long-range interactions in various real-world networked systems such as social, transportation, and multi-agent networks. In this work, we present several alternative methods based on machine learning methods (LSTM, xLSTM, Transformer, XGBoost, and ConvLSTM) to predict the final consensus value based on directed networks (Erdös–Renyi, Watts–Strogatz, and Barabási–Albert) and on the initial state. We highlight how different k-hop interactions affect the performance of the tested methods. This framework opens new avenues for analyzing multi-scale diffusion processes in large-scale, complex networks.
Keywords: Laplacian matrices; networks diffusion; networks consensus Laplacian matrices; networks diffusion; networks consensus

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ahsini, Y.; Reverte, B.; Conejero, J.A. AI-Driven Consensus: Modeling Multi-Agent Networks with Long-Range Interactions Through Path-Laplacian Matrices. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 5064. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15095064

AMA Style

Ahsini Y, Reverte B, Conejero JA. AI-Driven Consensus: Modeling Multi-Agent Networks with Long-Range Interactions Through Path-Laplacian Matrices. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(9):5064. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15095064

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahsini, Yusef, Belén Reverte, and J. Alberto Conejero. 2025. "AI-Driven Consensus: Modeling Multi-Agent Networks with Long-Range Interactions Through Path-Laplacian Matrices" Applied Sciences 15, no. 9: 5064. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15095064

APA Style

Ahsini, Y., Reverte, B., & Conejero, J. A. (2025). AI-Driven Consensus: Modeling Multi-Agent Networks with Long-Range Interactions Through Path-Laplacian Matrices. Applied Sciences, 15(9), 5064. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15095064

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