Methodology for Assessing Spatial Perception in Martial Arts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Sample of Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Measurement | Whole Test | 1st Stage | 2nd Stage | 3rd Stage | 4th Stage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st measurement (ms) | 901.2 ± 157.9 | 883.2 ± 190.8 | 892.1 ± 210.0 | 886.9 ± 147.0 | 960.1 ± 155.8 |
2nd measurement (ms) | 898.7 ± 166.5 | 876.5 ± 203.0 | 901.9 ± 206.6 | 877.9 ± 174.0 | 938.6 ± 169.4 |
Wilcoxon tests | V = 121 p = 0.571 | V = 102 p = 0.925 | V = 189 p = 0.779 | V= 123 p = 0.522 | V = 135 p = 0.277 |
Correlation (r-Spearman) | 0.87 | 0.73 | 0.80 | 0.75 | 0.82 |
Stages | Alpha (r) | Std. Alpha (r) | Average (r) | Mean (ms) | SD (ms) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stage 1 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.81 | 871 | 187 |
Stage 2 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.84 | 897 | 200 |
Stage 3 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.85 | 882 | 155 |
Stage 4 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.82 | 949 | 155 |
For the entire test | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 900 | 159 |
Characteristics | Whole Test | 1st Stage | 2nd Stage | 3rd Stage | 4th Stage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (ms) | 908.0 | 882.2 | 916.0 | 893.5 | 940.2 |
SD (ms) | 149.4 | 160.8 | 183.0 | 150.8 | 173.9 |
1st Quarter (ms) | 782.8 | 750.8 | 794.8 | 775.7 | 828.0 |
Median (ms) | 875.6 | 847.3 | 853.1 | 862.8 | 925.1 |
3rd Quarter (ms) | 995.9 | 1002.9 | 1008.2 | 994.7 | 1075.8 |
Errors (%) | 9.6 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 8.0 | 12.4 |
Characteristics | Whole Test | 1st Stage | 2nd Stage | 3rd Stage | 4th Stage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (ms) | 795.0 | 747.9 | 813.6 | 802.5 | 816.0 |
SD (ms) | 94.6 | 123.0 | 128.0 | 88.5 | 99.2 |
1st Quarter (ms) | 716.7 | 672.8 | 710.4 | 724.5 | 737.4 |
Median (ms) | 779.5 | 711.4 | 801.5 | 792.2 | 777.6 |
3rd Quarter (ms) | 877.0 | 782.7 | 910.4 | 881.9 | 909.1 |
Errors (%) | 4.7 | 3.8 | 6.5 | 4.0 | 4.8 |
Stages | First Group (n = 33) | Second Group (n = 24) |
---|---|---|
S1 and S2 | V = 168, p = 0.044 | V = 54, p = 0.005 |
S2 and S3 | V = 343, p = 0.271 | V = 173, p = 0.527 |
S3 and S4 | V = 175, p= 0.060 | V = 101, p = 0.169 |
Stages | First Group (n = 33) | Second Group (n = 24) | Mann–Whitney Test |
---|---|---|---|
S1 | 882.2 ± 160.8 | 747.9 ± 123.0 | W = 604.5, p < 0.001 |
S2 | 916.0 ± 183.0 | 813.6 ± 128.0 | W = 519, p = 0.047 |
S3 | 893.5 ± 150.8 | 802.5 ± 88.5 | W = 542, p = 0.019 |
S4 | 940.2 ± 173.9 | 816.0 ± 99.2 | W = 572, p = 0.004 |
The whole test | 908.0 ± 149.4 | 795.0 ± 94.6 | W = 580, p = 0.002 |
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Romanenko, V.; Cynarski, W.J.; Tropin, Y.; Kovalenko, Y.; Korobeynikov, G.; Piatysotska, S.; Mikhalskyi, V.; Holokha, V.; Gaziyev, S. Methodology for Assessing Spatial Perception in Martial Arts. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 3413. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063413
Romanenko V, Cynarski WJ, Tropin Y, Kovalenko Y, Korobeynikov G, Piatysotska S, Mikhalskyi V, Holokha V, Gaziyev S. Methodology for Assessing Spatial Perception in Martial Arts. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(6):3413. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063413
Chicago/Turabian StyleRomanenko, Vyacheslav, Wojciech J. Cynarski, Yrui Tropin, Yuliya Kovalenko, Georgiy Korobeynikov, Svitlana Piatysotska, Volodymyr Mikhalskyi, Valerii Holokha, and Shukurjon Gaziyev. 2025. "Methodology for Assessing Spatial Perception in Martial Arts" Applied Sciences 15, no. 6: 3413. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063413
APA StyleRomanenko, V., Cynarski, W. J., Tropin, Y., Kovalenko, Y., Korobeynikov, G., Piatysotska, S., Mikhalskyi, V., Holokha, V., & Gaziyev, S. (2025). Methodology for Assessing Spatial Perception in Martial Arts. Applied Sciences, 15(6), 3413. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15063413