Study on Hematological and Biochemical Index of Blood and Vitreous Humor in the Celestial-Eye Goldfish
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Experimental Animal
2.2. Experimental Design and Procedures
2.2.1. Preparation of EDTA-K2 and Heparin Sodium Anticoagulant Solution
2.2.2. Effect of Three Methods of Pretreatment Syringe on Blood Sampling of Tail Vein of Goldfish and Preparation of Anticoagulant
2.2.3. Preparation of Serum from CE
2.2.4. Collection of Vitreous Humor in CE
2.2.5. Analysis of Hematological Indexes of Blood and Vitreous Humor of CE
2.2.6. Analysis of Biochemical Indexes of Blood and Vitreous Humor of CE
2.2.7. Effect of Collecting Blood and Vitreous Humor on the Follow-Up Survival Rate of CE
2.3. Calculations and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Comparison of Three Methods of Pretreatment Syringe Collecting Blood from Arterial (Static) Pulse in the Tail of CE
3.2. Survival Statistics of CE After Blood and Vitreous Humor Collection
3.3. Analysis of Hematological Indexes of Blood and Vitreous Humor of CE
3.4. Analysis of Biochemical Indexes of Blood and Vitreous Humor of CE
4. Discussion
4.1. Exploration of Blood Collection Methods for CE
4.2. Effect on Subsequent Survival of CE After Extraction of Blood and Vitreous Humor
4.3. Analysis of the Number and Composition of Hemoglobin and Erythrocyte in CE
4.4. Analysis of the Number and Composition of White Blood Cells andPlatelets in CE
4.5. Analysis of the Characteristics of Blood Biochemical Indexes in CE
4.6. Biochemical Components in Vitreous Humor of CE
4.7. The Limiting Factors in the Study
5. Conclusions
- There was no significant difference in survival rates between celestial goldfish subjected to blood and vitreous humor extraction and those not involved in the experiment (p > 0.05). This provided a data reference for evaluating whether the experimental samples could be used for subsequent research and whether their ornamental and economic value was affected by the sampling process;
- In the celestial-eye goldfish tested, the mean value of the red blood cell count was 2.19 × 1012/L, the mean value of the white blood cell count was 62.21 × 109/L, and the mean value of hemoglobin concentration was 138.25 g/L. Neither eosinophils nor basophils were detected in the blood samples;
- The analysis of biochemical markers in the blood and vitreous humor of CE revealed that the levels of ALP, TBA, UREA, Cl−, Ca2⁺, Cre, and CHE were lower in the vitreous humor compared to serum, in contrast to the increased levels of ALT and GGT. Seven indicators showed no significant difference between the vitreous humor and serum.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Syringe Pretreatment Methods | Success Rate of Blood Collection |
---|---|
A | 80.00% A |
B | 0.00% B |
C | 0.00% B |
Groups | Survival Rate% |
---|---|
Blood collection groups | 80 ± 5.44 a |
Vitreous humor collection groups | 90 ± 5.44 a |
Normal CE groups | 90 ± 5.44 a |
Sample | WBC 109/L | RBC 1012/L | HGB g/L | HCT % | MCV fl | MCH Pg | MCHC g/L | RDW-CV % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
blood | 62.21 ± 8.54 | 2.19 ± 0.09 | 138.25 ± 14.74 | 41.70 ± 1.58 | 187.10 ± 1.44 | 75.75 ± 1.16 | 410.50 ± 2.05 | 21.70 ± 0.95 |
Sample | PLT 109/L | NEU 109/L | LYM 109/L | MON 109/L | EOS 109/L | BAS 109/L | NEU % | LYM % | MON % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
blood | 6.00 ± 0.94 | 1.37 ± 0.10 | 59.53 ± 14.32 | 2.05 ± 0.19 | 0 | 0 | 2.05 ± 0.03 | 94.75 ± 0.26 | 2.50 ± 0.28 |
Sample | TP g/L | ALB g/L | ALT U/L | AST U/L | ALP U/L | GGT U/L | TBA μmol/L | GLU mmol/L | UREA μmol/L |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
serum | 31.63 ± 0.52 ** | 14.93 ± 0.07 ** | 26.33 ± 1.09 | 235.33 ± 3.81 ** | 30.67 ± 1.19 | 1.76 ± 0.32 | 0.70 ± 0.00 | 3.75 ± 0.16 ** | 2.34 ± 0.08 |
vitreous humor | 2.05 ± 0.05 | 2.50 ± 0.03 | 87.00 ± 4.03 ** | 114.00 ± 1.09 | 26.00 ± 0.54 | 14.89 ± 0.47 ** | 0.40 ± 0.11 | 0.70 ± 0.02 | 1.86 ± 0.02 |
Sample | K+ mmol/L | Na+ mmol/L | Cl−mmol/L | Ca2+ mmol/L | Cre μmol/L | CHOLmmol/L | TGmmol/L | HDL-C mmol/L | LDL-C mmol/L | CHE mmol/L |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
serum | 5.17 ± 0.07 ** | 149.40 ± 0.95 ** | 162.47 ± 19.15 | 2.62 ± 0.07 | 29.67 ± 0.72 | 6.37 ± 0.16 ** | 2.42 ± 0.04 ** | 2.37 ± 0.13 ** | 1.41 ± 0.01 ** | 345.00 ± 11.43 |
vitreous humor | 2.24 ± 0.05 | 132.85 ± 0.08 | 151.20 ± 15.05 | 2.61 ± 0.05 | 30.00 ± 2.05 | 1.13 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.02 | 0.39 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.00 | 323.00 ± 8.50 |
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Li, R.; Sun, Y.; Zhang, X.; Li, W. Study on Hematological and Biochemical Index of Blood and Vitreous Humor in the Celestial-Eye Goldfish. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020774
Li R, Sun Y, Zhang X, Li W. Study on Hematological and Biochemical Index of Blood and Vitreous Humor in the Celestial-Eye Goldfish. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(2):774. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020774
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Rongni, Yansheng Sun, Xin Zhang, and Wentong Li. 2025. "Study on Hematological and Biochemical Index of Blood and Vitreous Humor in the Celestial-Eye Goldfish" Applied Sciences 15, no. 2: 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020774
APA StyleLi, R., Sun, Y., Zhang, X., & Li, W. (2025). Study on Hematological and Biochemical Index of Blood and Vitreous Humor in the Celestial-Eye Goldfish. Applied Sciences, 15(2), 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020774