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Applied Sciences
Volume 15
Issue 19
10.3390/app151910703
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Modulation of the Therapeutic Resistance in SK-MEL-24 Human Melanoma Cells by Combined Treatments

by
Lucica Madalina Bolovan
1,
Marieta Elena Panait
2,
Mirela Mihaila
3,4,
Antonela Busca
2,
Adina Elena Stanciu
1,
Marinela Bostan
3,
Lorelei Irina Brasoveanu
3,* and
Camelia Mia Hotnog
3,5
1
Carcinogenesis and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu”, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
2
Cancer Biology Department, Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu”, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
3
Center of Immunology, “Stefan S. Nicolau” Institute of Virology, Romanian Academy, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
4
Faculty of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 040314 Bucharest, Romania
5
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Midwives and Nursing, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(19), 10703; https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910703
Submission received: 30 June 2025 / Revised: 25 September 2025 / Accepted: 2 October 2025 / Published: 3 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Topics in Precision Medicine: Non-invasive Innovations Shaping Cancer and Immunotherapy Progress)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Melanoma represents a worldwide public health problem due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Despite the advances in melanoma therapy, not all patients respond to single or combined therapy because of primary or acquired resistance to the anti-tumor agents. Recently, positive results have been reported since the specific monoclonal antibodies, such as Ipilimumab (Ipi) and Nivolumab (Niv), were included in therapeutic protocols as immune checkpoint inhibitors. The evolution of neoplastic diseases and the therapeutic approaches in cancer involve several biological processes, including apoptosis, DNA progression through cell cycle phases, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and changes in the expression of melanoma genes. Therefore, the potential modulation of these processes and associated molecules, due to single or combined treatments with oncolytic drugs like Carboplatin and Paclitaxel, checkpoint inhibitors such as Ipi and Niv, or natural bioactive compounds like Resveratrol or Quercetin, could represent a great benefit in melanoma treatment, contributing to the decrease or even reversal of the drug resistance in melanoma cells.
Keywords: melanoma cells; drug resistance; cell lysis; RTCA; apoptosis; cell cycle phases; cytokine release; check-point inhibitors; flavonoids melanoma cells; drug resistance; cell lysis; RTCA; apoptosis; cell cycle phases; cytokine release; check-point inhibitors; flavonoids

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Bolovan, L.M.; Panait, M.E.; Mihaila, M.; Busca, A.; Stanciu, A.E.; Bostan, M.; Brasoveanu, L.I.; Hotnog, C.M. Modulation of the Therapeutic Resistance in SK-MEL-24 Human Melanoma Cells by Combined Treatments. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 10703. https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910703

AMA Style

Bolovan LM, Panait ME, Mihaila M, Busca A, Stanciu AE, Bostan M, Brasoveanu LI, Hotnog CM. Modulation of the Therapeutic Resistance in SK-MEL-24 Human Melanoma Cells by Combined Treatments. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(19):10703. https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910703

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bolovan, Lucica Madalina, Marieta Elena Panait, Mirela Mihaila, Antonela Busca, Adina Elena Stanciu, Marinela Bostan, Lorelei Irina Brasoveanu, and Camelia Mia Hotnog. 2025. "Modulation of the Therapeutic Resistance in SK-MEL-24 Human Melanoma Cells by Combined Treatments" Applied Sciences 15, no. 19: 10703. https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910703

APA Style

Bolovan, L. M., Panait, M. E., Mihaila, M., Busca, A., Stanciu, A. E., Bostan, M., Brasoveanu, L. I., & Hotnog, C. M. (2025). Modulation of the Therapeutic Resistance in SK-MEL-24 Human Melanoma Cells by Combined Treatments. Applied Sciences, 15(19), 10703. https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910703

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