A Study on Exterior Design Alternatives for Temporary Residential Facilities Using Generative Artificial Intelligence
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Background and Purpose of the Study
1.2. Scope and Methodology
2. Literature Review
2.1. Trends in the Exterior Design of Temporary Residential Facilities
2.2. Trends in Temporary Housing Design from the Perspective of Sustainability and Resilience
2.3. Trends in GenAI Applications in Architectural Design
2.4. Trends in Applications of GenAI and T2I Technologies in Architectural Façade Design
2.5. Summary
3. Prompt Items and Scenario Development for Generating Exterior Design Alternatives for Temporary Residential Facilities
3.1. Analysis of Environmental Factors in Domestic and International Temporary Housing Cases
3.2. Derivation of Prompt Items for Generating Temporary Housing Exterior Design Alternatives
3.3. Development of Hypothetical Scenarios for Generating Temporary Housing Exterior Design Alternatives
4. Deriving Temporary Housing Exterior Design Alternatives Using T2I Technology
4.1. Workflow Development for Generating Temporary Housing Exterior Designs with T2I Technology
4.2. Generation of Temporary Housing Exterior Design Alternatives
5. Discussion
5.1. Survey-Based Evaluation of Generated Design Alternatives
5.2. Analysis of Durability and Service Life in AI-Generated Temporary Housing
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BIM | Building information modeling |
CRED | Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters |
DfD | Design for disassembly |
GAN | Generative adversarial network |
GenAI | Generative artificial intelligence |
ITDT | Integrated transdisciplinary tools |
ISM | Interpretive structural modeling |
LLM | Large language model |
LEED | Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design |
STEP | Sheltering and Temporary Essential Power |
THU | Temporary housing unit |
TRIZ | teoriya resheniya izobretatelskikh zadach |
T2I | Text-to-image |
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No. | Factor | Description | A | B | C | D | E |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Economic Feasibility | GDP level of the disaster-affected area and availability of economic support | ◎ | 〇 | △ | 〇 | ◎ |
2 | Location | Location of temporary housing (urban, rural, etc.) and natural environmental conditions | ◎ | 〇 | △ | ◎ | ◎ |
3 | Housing Duration | Duration of housing needs: short-term, mid-term, or long-term | 〇 | ◎ | △ | 〇 | ◎ |
4 | Structural Stability | Durability, prefabricated structure type, and resistance to environmental factors | △ | 〇 | ◎ | 〇 | ◎ |
5 | Type | Housing types such as standalone, collective, prefabricated, or mobile units | 〇 | ◎ | 〇 | △ | ◎ |
6 | Materials | Use of local materials (wood, metal, plastic, etc.) and recyclability | 〇 | ◎ | 〇 | 〇 | 〇 |
7 | Environmental Suitability | Climatic conditions (temperature, rainfall, etc.) and harmony with the local environment | △ | ◎ | 〇 | 〇 | 〇 |
8 | Hygiene and Health | Availability of sanitary facilities (toilets, water supply, etc.) and disease prevention | ◎ | 〇 | ◎ | 〇 | △ |
9 | Social Sustainability | Interaction with local residents and potential for long-term use | 〇 | △ | 〇 | ◎ | ◎ |
10 | Cultural Considerations | Incorporation of local cultural and religious characteristics in design | △ | 〇 | △ | ◎ | 〇 |
Label | Prompt Item |
---|---|
A | Type of Disaster |
B | Location and Climate |
C | Duration of Residence |
D | Materials and Structure |
E | Housing Design |
No. | Disaster Situation | Hypothetical Scenario | Prompt | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Flood | A | Severe flood conditions, rapid water level rise | Modular container-based temporary shelter, made from waterproof and insulated materials, elevated on steel stilts, designed for flood-prone areas with rapid water level rise, tropical climate, high rainfall, strong steel frame, sustainable design, minimalistic interior, durable for medium-term residence, rapid assembly, disaster-relief housing High quality, photorealistic, detailed design, sturdy, weather-resistant, clean lines, modern aesthetic, innovative structural elements Blurry, poorly constructed, low quality, unstable, weak materials, traditional tents, outdated design, fragile structure |
B | Low-lying coastal area, tropical climate, high rainfall | |||
C | Medium-term | |||
D | Recycled steel and plastic materials for durability and waterproofing | |||
E | Elevated modular container homes designed for flood-prone areas | |||
2 | Storm | A | Strong winds and cyclone-prone conditions | Aerodynamic, wind-resistant modular shelter, designed for cyclone-prone areas, reinforced steel frames, lightweight aluminum panels, waterproof construction, coastal climate with high humidity and frequent storms, designed for short-term residence, easy deployment, sustainable materials, compact design High quality, photorealistic, sharp details, robust structure, clean lines, modern design, windproof, storm-resistant Blurry, poorly designed, low quality, unstable, weak joints, fragile materials, poorly assembled, generic structure |
B | Coastal region with high humidity and frequent storms | |||
C | Short-term | |||
D | Reinforced lightweight materials to resist wind pressure | |||
E | Aerodynamic dome-shaped housing for storm resilience | |||
3 | Earthquake | A | High-magnitude earthquake with significant structural damage | Single-story modular housing, earthquake-resistant design with shock-absorbing joints, reinforced concrete and steel materials, designed for high-magnitude earthquake-prone regions, urban area, medium-term housing, flexible connectors for seismic activity, durable construction, sustainable and secure design High quality, photorealistic, sharp, detailed design, strong structural integrity, modern appearance, innovative engineering Blurry, poorly constructed, fragile, unstable, low-quality materials, weak connectors, generic and outdated designs |
B | Seismically active urban area with high population density | |||
C | Medium-term | |||
D | Earthquake-resistant materials such as reinforced concrete | |||
E | Modular units with flexible joints to withstand seismic activity | |||
4 | Drought | A | Extreme heat and water scarcity in arid regions | Dome-shaped modular shelter, highly insulated, designed for extreme heat and arid desert climates, made with bamboo and mud-based materials, equipped with rainwater harvesting systems, natural ventilation for sustainable cooling, long-term residence, eco-friendly design, solar-powered for energy efficiency High quality, photorealistic, sharp details, eco-friendly, innovative, sustainable, clean design, vibrant and modern Blurry, poorly constructed, unstable, low-quality, damaged materials, weak insulation, generic structure, ineffective cooling |
B | Desertified climate with prolonged drought conditions | |||
C | Long-term | |||
D | Bamboo and mud-based eco-friendly materials | |||
E | Insulated dome-shaped housing with integrated cooling systems | |||
5 | Landslide | A | Heavy rainfall causing unstable slopes and mudslides | Portable modular shelter, reinforced for slope stability in landslide-prone areas, made with lightweight and durable aluminum, waterproof fabric materials, integrated drainage systems, elevated design for heavy rainfall regions, compact and rapid deployment for short-term emergency response High quality, photorealistic, sharp, detailed design, sturdy and modern, innovative, weather-resistant, clean structure Blurry, poorly designed, fragile, unstable, low-quality, weak drainage systems, generic and outdated construction |
B | Mountainous region with high precipitation | |||
C | Short-term | |||
D | Lightweight aluminum and waterproof fabric materials | |||
E | Elevated housing units on reinforced beams to prevent landslide damage |
Scenario | Alternative 1 | Alternative 2 | Alternative 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Flood | |||
Storm | |||
Earthquake | |||
Drought | |||
Landslide |
Criteria | Number of Images (N) | Minimum (Min) | Maximum (Max) | Mean (M) | Standard Deviation (SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prompt Fidelity | 15 | 4.2 | 6.8 | 5.80 | 0.95 |
Architectural Plausibility | 15 | 2.5 | 5.9 | 4.50 | 1.32 |
Practical Feasibility | 15 | 1.8 | 5.2 | 3.90 | 1.48 |
Disaster Scenario | Number of Images (n) | Mean (M) | Standard Deviation (SD) | F Value | p-Value (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flood | 3 | 4.85 | 1.15 | 4.21 | 0.42 |
Storm | 3 | 4.10 | 1.28 | ||
Earthquake | 3 | 3.25 | 1.42 | ||
Drought | 3 | 4.30 | 1.33 | ||
Landslide | 3 | 2.98 | 1.51 | ||
Total | 15 | 3.90 | 1.48 |
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Lee, H.; Lee, J. A Study on Exterior Design Alternatives for Temporary Residential Facilities Using Generative Artificial Intelligence. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 10583. https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910583
Lee H, Lee J. A Study on Exterior Design Alternatives for Temporary Residential Facilities Using Generative Artificial Intelligence. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(19):10583. https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910583
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Hyemin, and Jongho Lee. 2025. "A Study on Exterior Design Alternatives for Temporary Residential Facilities Using Generative Artificial Intelligence" Applied Sciences 15, no. 19: 10583. https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910583
APA StyleLee, H., & Lee, J. (2025). A Study on Exterior Design Alternatives for Temporary Residential Facilities Using Generative Artificial Intelligence. Applied Sciences, 15(19), 10583. https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910583