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Applied Sciences
Volume 15
Issue 16
10.3390/app15169036
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Optimizing Fiber Quality in Recycled Old Corrugated Containers (OCC) Using Ultra-Fine Bar Plate Technology

by
Min-Sik Park
1,
Chul-Hwan Kim
2,*,
Hyeong-Hun Park
1,
Ju-Hyun Park
1 and
Jae-Sang Lee
3
1
Department of Forest Products, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Forest Products, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Pulp&Paper Chemical Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(16), 9036; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15169036
Submission received: 23 July 2025 / Revised: 7 August 2025 / Accepted: 14 August 2025 / Published: 15 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Sustainable Advancements in the Pulp and Paper Industry: A Life Cycle Perspective)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study evaluated the performance of ultra-fine bar refiner plates with a cutting edge length (CEL) of 97 km/s in enhancing the properties of Korean Old Corrugated Containers (KOCCs) compared to conventional plates with a CEL of 37 km/s. While unrefined KOCCs demonstrated compromised mechanical properties except for higher paper bulk, refining with the ultra-fine bar plate significantly improved tensile strength, tear strength, and water retention value (WRV). Although the conventional plate achieved higher stock throughput at lower specific energy, the ultra-fine bar plate proved more energy-efficient for achieving targeted fiber quality enhancements. The observed throughput plateau of the ultra-fine bar plate is attributed to its narrower groove design, which increases flow resistance. Overall, the ultra-fine bar plates offer a promising route for producing high-performance recycled paper by balancing refining energy inputs and fiber quality improvements.
Keywords: refining; ultra-fine bar plate; cutting edge length; fibrillation; KOCC refining; ultra-fine bar plate; cutting edge length; fibrillation; KOCC

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MDPI and ACS Style

Park, M.-S.; Kim, C.-H.; Park, H.-H.; Park, J.-H.; Lee, J.-S. Optimizing Fiber Quality in Recycled Old Corrugated Containers (OCC) Using Ultra-Fine Bar Plate Technology. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 9036. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15169036

AMA Style

Park M-S, Kim C-H, Park H-H, Park J-H, Lee J-S. Optimizing Fiber Quality in Recycled Old Corrugated Containers (OCC) Using Ultra-Fine Bar Plate Technology. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(16):9036. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15169036

Chicago/Turabian Style

Park, Min-Sik, Chul-Hwan Kim, Hyeong-Hun Park, Ju-Hyun Park, and Jae-Sang Lee. 2025. "Optimizing Fiber Quality in Recycled Old Corrugated Containers (OCC) Using Ultra-Fine Bar Plate Technology" Applied Sciences 15, no. 16: 9036. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15169036

APA Style

Park, M.-S., Kim, C.-H., Park, H.-H., Park, J.-H., & Lee, J.-S. (2025). Optimizing Fiber Quality in Recycled Old Corrugated Containers (OCC) Using Ultra-Fine Bar Plate Technology. Applied Sciences, 15(16), 9036. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15169036

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