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Volume 15
Issue 13
10.3390/app15136982
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

IoT Socioenvironmental Assessment Instrument: Validation Process Applying Delphi Method

by
Adriane Cavalieri
1,2,*,
Fabio Bottacci
3,
Jean-Christophe De Coster
4,
Amarildo Fernandes
5,
Francisco Sabbadini
6,7,
João Reis
2 and
Marlene Amorim
2
1
Department of Assessments and Industrial Processes (DIAPI), National Institute of Technology (INT), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI), Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, Brazil
2
GOVCOPP, Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
3
VINCI Digital, São Paulo 04558-030, Brazil
4
Managium Consulting, Rio de Janeiro 22210-030, Brazil
5
Department of Industrial Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
6
Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Resende 27537-000, Brazil
7
Department of Production Engineering, School of Metallurgical Industrial Engineering of Volta Redonda, Federal Fluminense University, Volta Redonda 27255-125, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(13), 6982; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136982
Submission received: 22 February 2025 / Revised: 26 March 2025 / Accepted: 5 June 2025 / Published: 20 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Transitions: Digital Technologies Empowering Sustainability and Circular Economy in Industry)
Versions Notes

Featured Application

This study advances the validation of an original, previously published instrument that examines the relationship between IoT and sustainability/circularity approaches within manufacturing organizations. It provides a detailed explanation of the Delphi process to enhance transparency, enabling researchers and managers to replicate the methodology, adapting the instrument to their specific contexts. The validation process is illustrated through the “IoT Technology Expectation” construct, demonstrating its practical application and refinement.

Abstract

Industry 4.0 technologies offer significant opportunities to enhance sustainable production and circular economy practices in the face of challenges arising from climate change. Considering the growing interest in this field, the literature review exposed that, particularly in the case of the Internet of Things (IoT), there is a need for empirical assessments of the impact of this technology on sustainability and circularity. This paper presents the validation process of an original assessment tool that evaluates IoT’s alignment with the socioenvironmental and circular context of manufacturing organizations and their supply chains. Emphasis is placed on the construct titled “IoT Technology Expectations”. After systematically conducting a literature review, this study employed the Delphi method in conjunction with statistical analyses to refine or formulate new indicators or statements based on expert consensus, validating the proposed assessment tool. The findings of this research contribute to management practices by providing an instrument to assess the current stance of top management and other key managers (production, project and supply chain) on IoT use in manufacturing operations or supply chains from a socioenvironmental and circular perspective. The instrument serves as a starting point for exploring IoT’s potential in circular economy practices. Academically, it provides a detailed explanation of the Delphi method and its application and outcomes.
Keywords: assessment tool; Delphi process; internet of things; circular economy; sustainable manufacturing; digital transformation assessment tool; Delphi process; internet of things; circular economy; sustainable manufacturing; digital transformation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Cavalieri, A.; Bottacci, F.; De Coster, J.-C.; Fernandes, A.; Sabbadini, F.; Reis, J.; Amorim, M. IoT Socioenvironmental Assessment Instrument: Validation Process Applying Delphi Method. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 6982. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136982

AMA Style

Cavalieri A, Bottacci F, De Coster J-C, Fernandes A, Sabbadini F, Reis J, Amorim M. IoT Socioenvironmental Assessment Instrument: Validation Process Applying Delphi Method. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(13):6982. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136982

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cavalieri, Adriane, Fabio Bottacci, Jean-Christophe De Coster, Amarildo Fernandes, Francisco Sabbadini, João Reis, and Marlene Amorim. 2025. "IoT Socioenvironmental Assessment Instrument: Validation Process Applying Delphi Method" Applied Sciences 15, no. 13: 6982. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136982

APA Style

Cavalieri, A., Bottacci, F., De Coster, J.-C., Fernandes, A., Sabbadini, F., Reis, J., & Amorim, M. (2025). IoT Socioenvironmental Assessment Instrument: Validation Process Applying Delphi Method. Applied Sciences, 15(13), 6982. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15136982

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