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Volume 14
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10.3390/app14073123
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Article

Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling of Fructus Chebulae and Fructus Terminaliae Billericae

by
Yuman Song
and
Hede Gong
*
College of Geography and Ecotourism, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 3123; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14073123
Submission received: 7 March 2024 / Revised: 3 April 2024 / Accepted: 3 April 2024 / Published: 8 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Food Metabolomics)
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Abstract

This study aims to identify the differences in metabolites between Fructus Chebulae (FC) and Fructus Terminaliae Billericae (FTB). Untargeted metabolomics was used to analyze differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) with ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). A grand total of 558 metabolites were detected, with 155 in positive ion mode and 403 in negative ion mode. Further differential analysis yielded 110 and 87 significantly different metabolites, which were mainly polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Analysis of KEGG data showed that differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in both positive and negative ion modes were found to be enriched in 5 and 18 metabolic pathways, respectively, with metabolic pathways being the most enriched among them. In sum, this study reveals the differential metabolic profiles of FC and FTB and provides support for their further applications in traditional Chinese medicine.
Keywords: Fructus Chebulae; Fructus Terminaliae Billericae; metabolomics; differential metabolites; KEGG analysis Fructus Chebulae; Fructus Terminaliae Billericae; metabolomics; differential metabolites; KEGG analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Song, Y.; Gong, H. Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling of Fructus Chebulae and Fructus Terminaliae Billericae. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 3123. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14073123

AMA Style

Song Y, Gong H. Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling of Fructus Chebulae and Fructus Terminaliae Billericae. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(7):3123. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14073123

Chicago/Turabian Style

Song, Yuman, and Hede Gong. 2024. "Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling of Fructus Chebulae and Fructus Terminaliae Billericae" Applied Sciences 14, no. 7: 3123. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14073123

APA Style

Song, Y., & Gong, H. (2024). Untargeted Metabolomic Profiling of Fructus Chebulae and Fructus Terminaliae Billericae. Applied Sciences, 14(7), 3123. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14073123

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