Nonlinear Robust Adaptive Control of Universal Manipulators Based on Desired Trajectory
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Compared with the traditional robust adaptive control method, which requires real-time computation of the robot’s complex dynamic model and regression matrix during the control process, the proposed method computes most of the complex control terms using the a priori known desired trajectory, so that the computation results can be stored before the start of the control and only the stored results need to be queried during the real-time control, thus greatly reducing the need for real-time computation of the feedback signals. Therefore, it is guaranteed that the controller can be realized even on universal manipulators with poor computational power.
- The objective uncertainties of the universal robot are classified according to the time span, and robust adaptive control is used to compensate the error caused by the uncertainties. Combined with the above use of the desired trajectory to calculate most of the control items, an additional feedback control item is designed to strictly prove the Lyapunov stability of the proposed method.
- Instead of a simulation, experiments are carried out on a real universal manipulator to compare the results with traditional PID, dynamics feedforward control, real-time robust adaptive control, and one state-of-the-art control method. The feasibility and rationality of the control method proposed in this article are analyzed in terms of control performance and real-time computational efficiency.
2. Dynamic Model and Preliminary
2.1. Dynamic Model
2.2. Properties and Assumptions
3. Controller Design
3.1. Nominal Dynamics Feedforward
3.2. Lyapunov Feedback Compensation Design
3.3. Robust and Adaptive Control Terms Design
3.3.1. Robust Control Term
3.3.2. Adaptive Control Term
3.4. Stability Analysis
- Case 1: When , substitute it into Equation (35), and let , then:
- Case 2: When , substitute Equation (2) into Equation (35); then:
3.5. Comparative Study
4. Experiment and Discussion
4.1. Experimental Setup
4.2. Single Joint Tuning Using Sine Trajectory
4.3. Multiple Joints Tracking Using Circular Trajectory
4.4. Analysis and Discussion
- The traditional PID control method does not take into consideration the dynamics of the manipulator; all the performance indices are significantly behind other control methods which consider the dynamics of the robot.
- Dynamic feedforward control directly compensates the nominal dynamic model as a feedforward quantity. Due to the uncertainties of the real dynamic model compared to our given nominal dynamic model, the performance indices under this control strategy are higher than that of PID, but there is still much room for improvement.
- The robust adaptive control method based on the desired trajectory proposed in this article considers the uncertainties in the real dynamic model, uses the corresponding control term to compensate the perturbation of the inertial parameters of the links, and corrects the friction coefficients of the joints online. Compared with the dynamic feedforward control method, all the performance indices have significant advantages.
- Compared to the real-time robust adaptive control method, which compensates for uncertainties in real time, the control method proposed in this article uses the desired trajectory to compute most of the control terms offline. In terms of the regression matrix, its dimensions are 6 × 60 for a six-degree-of-freedom manipulator with respect to its link inertial parameters, where each element is a complex nonlinear function containing the six joint state variables of the manipulator. The real-time robust adaptive control method substitutes the real-time signals measured by the sensors into the calculation to obtain the regression matrix, which is computationally intensive and requires a significant amount of processing time. Similarly, the novel robust adaptive method relies on real-time measured state variables to compute the regression matrix. On the contrast, the control method proposed in this article calculates the regression matrix offline from the a priori known desired trajectory. During the actual control process, the regression matrix at each moment is directly output by looking up the table, and then the subsequent calculation is carried out, thus eliminating the need for real-time calculation of complex regression matrix. Therefore, the control method proposed in this paper exhibits significantly lower real-time computational complexity compared to the real-time robust adaptive control and the novel robust adaptive control.
- Observing the performance indices in Table 3, under the condition that the universal manipulator used in the experiment has poor computing performance, the control strategy with desired trajectory compensation slightly outperforms the control strategy with real-time computation in terms of several performance indices. Furthermore, the method proposed in this paper still exhibits better performance when compared with the novel robust adaptive method.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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5 | 2.07 | 9.66 | 63.09 |
10 | 1.28 | 6.29 | 39.63 |
25 | 0.62 | 4.98 | 19.25 |
35 | 0.44 | 5.87 | 14.38 |
50 | 0.40 | 27.51 | 31.86 |
100 | 0.88 | 50.10 | 54.62 |
200 | 0.93 | 53.55 | 59.05 |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
diag{25, 35, 30, 25} * | |
diag{100, 150, 200, 200} | |
diag{50, 50, 50, 50} | |
diag{40, 40, 40, 40} | |
0.05 | |
diag{5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5} |
Control Strategy | PID | FF | Desired Compensation | Real-Time Compensation | Novel Robust Adaptive Method |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
contour error (mm) | 40.5654 | 19.6670 | 7.2454 | 9.8767 | 9.5830 |
position error of joint 1 (deg) | 0.9500 | 0.5283 | 0.0920 | 0.0900 | 0.0950 |
position error of joint 2 (deg) | 1.4560 | 0.7269 | 0.2740 | 0.3300 | 0.2737 |
position error of joint 3 (deg) | 2.7140 | 2.2597 | 0.4140 | 0.7050 | 0.5312 |
position error of joint 4 (deg) | 0.7660 | 0.5183 | 0.1240 | 0.1460 | 0.1365 |
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Chen, Y.; Ding, J.; Chen, Y.; Yan, D. Nonlinear Robust Adaptive Control of Universal Manipulators Based on Desired Trajectory. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 2219. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14052219
Chen Y, Ding J, Chen Y, Yan D. Nonlinear Robust Adaptive Control of Universal Manipulators Based on Desired Trajectory. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(5):2219. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14052219
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Yu, Jianwan Ding, Yu Chen, and Dong Yan. 2024. "Nonlinear Robust Adaptive Control of Universal Manipulators Based on Desired Trajectory" Applied Sciences 14, no. 5: 2219. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14052219
APA StyleChen, Y., Ding, J., Chen, Y., & Yan, D. (2024). Nonlinear Robust Adaptive Control of Universal Manipulators Based on Desired Trajectory. Applied Sciences, 14(5), 2219. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14052219