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Applied Sciences
Volume 14
Issue 17
10.3390/app14177892
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Review

Chemicals from Brominated Flame Retardants: Analytical Methods, Occurrence, Transport and Risks

by
Christian Ebere Enyoh
1,*,
Tochukwu Oluwatosin Maduka
1,
Md. Sohel Rana
1,
Sochi Chinaemerem Osigwe
2,
Stanley Chukwuemeka Ihenetu
3 and
Qingyue Wang
1,*
1
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama-shi 338-8570, Japan
2
School of Science and Technology, Orebro University, 70182 Orebro, Sweden
3
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7892; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177892
Submission received: 12 June 2024 / Revised: 6 August 2024 / Accepted: 2 September 2024 / Published: 5 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Contaminants in Environment)
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Abstract

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are synthetic chemicals widely used to reduce the flammability of consumer products, including electronics, textiles, and furniture. Despite their effectiveness in fire prevention, BFRs pose significant environmental and health risks due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive examination of BFRs, focusing on recent advancements in analytical methods for their detection and quantification in environmental and biological samples. The study explored the physicochemical properties that influence BFR distribution and transport in various matrices, including soil, water, air, sediments, and biota. The review also summarizes current knowledge on the occurrence and environmental fate of BFRs, highlighting their mobility and long-range transport. Furthermore, the study discusses the health risks associated with BFR exposure, emphasizing their endocrine-disrupting effects and impact on reproductive and neurological functions. By integrating findings from recent studies, this review aims to enhance the understanding of BFR behavior and inform regulatory strategies to mitigate their adverse effects on human health and the environment.
Keywords: analytical methods; environmental occurrence; transport mechanisms; health risks; endocrine disruption; bioaccumulation; toxicity analytical methods; environmental occurrence; transport mechanisms; health risks; endocrine disruption; bioaccumulation; toxicity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Enyoh, C.E.; Maduka, T.O.; Rana, M.S.; Osigwe, S.C.; Ihenetu, S.C.; Wang, Q. Chemicals from Brominated Flame Retardants: Analytical Methods, Occurrence, Transport and Risks. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7892. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177892

AMA Style

Enyoh CE, Maduka TO, Rana MS, Osigwe SC, Ihenetu SC, Wang Q. Chemicals from Brominated Flame Retardants: Analytical Methods, Occurrence, Transport and Risks. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(17):7892. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177892

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enyoh, Christian Ebere, Tochukwu Oluwatosin Maduka, Md. Sohel Rana, Sochi Chinaemerem Osigwe, Stanley Chukwuemeka Ihenetu, and Qingyue Wang. 2024. "Chemicals from Brominated Flame Retardants: Analytical Methods, Occurrence, Transport and Risks" Applied Sciences 14, no. 17: 7892. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177892

APA Style

Enyoh, C. E., Maduka, T. O., Rana, M. S., Osigwe, S. C., Ihenetu, S. C., & Wang, Q. (2024). Chemicals from Brominated Flame Retardants: Analytical Methods, Occurrence, Transport and Risks. Applied Sciences, 14(17), 7892. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177892

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