Data-Centric Solutions for Addressing Big Data Veracity with Class Imbalance, High Dimensionality, and Class Overlapping

An innovative strategy for organizations to obtain value from their large datasets, allowing them to guide future strategic actions and improve their initiatives, is the use of machine learning algorithms. This has led to a growing and rapid application of various machine learning algorithms with a predominant focus on building and improving the performance of these models. However, this data-centric approach ignores the fact that data quality is crucial for building robust and accurate models. Several dataset issues, such as class imbalance, high dimensionality, and class overlapping, affect data quality, introducing bias to machine learning models. Therefore, adopting a data-centric approach is essential to constructing better datasets and producing effective models. Besides data issues, Big Data imposes new challenges, such as the scalability of algorithms. This paper proposes a scalable hybrid approach to jointly addressing class imbalance, high dimensionality, and class overlapping in Big Data domains. The proposal is based on well-known data-level solutions whose main operation is calculating the nearest neighbor using the Euclidean distance as a similarity metric. However, these strategies may lose their effectiveness on datasets with high dimensionality. Hence, the data quality is achieved by combining a data transformation approach using fractional norms and SMOTE to obtain a balanced and reduced dataset. Experiments carried out on nine two-class imbalanced and high-dimensional large datasets showed that our scalable methodology implemented in Spark outperforms the traditional approach.