Oral Health and Use of Novel Transbuccal Drug Delivery Systems in Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease: A Review

Basilicata, Michele; Grillo, Piergiorgio; Tancredi, Alvise; Di Fiore, Adolfo; Bollero, Patrizio; Stefani, Alessandro; Schirinzi, Tommaso

doi:10.3390/app13084974

Open AccessReview

Oral Health and Use of Novel Transbuccal Drug Delivery Systems in Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease: A Review

by

Michele Basilicata

^1,*,†,

Piergiorgio Grillo

^2,3,*,†

,

Alvise Tancredi

⁴,

Adolfo Di Fiore

⁵

,

Patrizio Bollero

⁶,

Alessandro Stefani

⁷ and

Tommaso Schirinzi

²

¹

UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy

²

Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy

³

Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy

⁴

UOSD Special Care Dentistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy

⁵

Department of Neurosciences, School of Dentistry, Section of Prosthodontics and Digital Dentistry, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy

⁶

UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy

⁷

Parkinson Centre, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 4974; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084974

Submission received: 9 February 2023 / Revised: 3 April 2023 / Accepted: 9 April 2023 / Published: 15 April 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation in Dental and Orthodontic Materials)

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Abstract

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), are common age-related diseases responsible for high disability. Disease-modifying treatments for AD and PD are still lacking, but symptomatic therapies are available, although limited by difficult administration and patients’ scarce compliance at later disease stages. Transbuccal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDSs) include chemical-physics biotechnologies and mechatronic approaches, allowing drug delivery via the transbuccal route, a strategy that may theoretically overcome the limitations imposed by conventional oral administration. In this review, we provided a snapshot of TDDSs, their mechanism of action, the existing subtypes, and their potential application in PD and AD patients. We found a variety of TDDSs, including tablets, solutions, sprays, patches, and the more sophisticated “mechatronic” IntelliDrug and OraFuse devices using a system of pumps and valves for continuous drug release. Several trials have been conducted either on models or patients to test the safety and efficacy of the antidementia and antiparkinsonian agents delivered by TDDSs, which produced encouraging results that suggest future application on a larger scale. Moreover, oral health has emerged as a fundamental prerequisite for the successful use of TDDSs. Accordingly, greater attention to oral hygiene is now due in patients with neurodegenerative disease.

Keywords: periodontal health; special care dentistry; new technology in dentistry; transbuccal drug delivery systems; oral diseases; neurodegenerative diseases; Parkinson’s disease; Alzheimer’s disease

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MDPI and ACS Style

Basilicata, M.; Grillo, P.; Tancredi, A.; Di Fiore, A.; Bollero, P.; Stefani, A.; Schirinzi, T. Oral Health and Use of Novel Transbuccal Drug Delivery Systems in Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease: A Review. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 4974. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084974

AMA Style

Basilicata M, Grillo P, Tancredi A, Di Fiore A, Bollero P, Stefani A, Schirinzi T. Oral Health and Use of Novel Transbuccal Drug Delivery Systems in Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease: A Review. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(8):4974. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084974

Chicago/Turabian Style

Basilicata, Michele, Piergiorgio Grillo, Alvise Tancredi, Adolfo Di Fiore, Patrizio Bollero, Alessandro Stefani, and Tommaso Schirinzi. 2023. "Oral Health and Use of Novel Transbuccal Drug Delivery Systems in Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease: A Review" Applied Sciences 13, no. 8: 4974. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084974

APA Style

Basilicata, M., Grillo, P., Tancredi, A., Di Fiore, A., Bollero, P., Stefani, A., & Schirinzi, T. (2023). Oral Health and Use of Novel Transbuccal Drug Delivery Systems in Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease: A Review. Applied Sciences, 13(8), 4974. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084974

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Oral Health and Use of Novel Transbuccal Drug Delivery Systems in Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease: A Review

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