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Volume 13
Issue 23
10.3390/app132312708
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Article

Optimization of Ca–Al–Mn–Si Substitution Level for Enhanced Magnetic Properties of M-Type Sr-Hexaferrites for Permanent Magnet Application

by
Jun-Pyo Lim
,
Eel-Ho Yun
and
Young-Min Kang
*
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(23), 12708; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312708
Submission received: 19 October 2023 / Revised: 6 November 2023 / Accepted: 15 November 2023 / Published: 27 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Materials: Characterization and Sensing Application)
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Abstract

Enhanced hard magnetic properties were achieved in M-type hexaferrite by optimizing the substitution levels of Mn, Al, and Si for Fe, and Ca for Sr within SrFe12O19. The addition of Al–Si–Mn effectively controlled crystallite growth, resulting in an increased coercivity (HC), while causing a decrease in the remanent magnetization (4πMr). A higher Ca content exhibited a trend of increasing the sintered density but decreasing the 4πMr and HC. The optimized composition, considering both the 4πMr and HC, was determined to be Sr0.8Ca0.2Fe10.2Mn0.1Al0.2Si0.1O19−d, with a sintered density of 4.84 g/cm3, 4πMr = 2.22 kG, and HC = 5.10 kOe. This result demonstrates the achievement of isotropic magnets with controlled crystal growth and densification without additional sintering additives. This development is promising, as this enhancement could be achieved without the use of cobalt, an expensive but essential ingredient in high-performance permanent magnets.
Keywords: M-type hexaferrites; cation substitution; coercivity; saturation magnetization; permanent magnet M-type hexaferrites; cation substitution; coercivity; saturation magnetization; permanent magnet

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lim, J.-P.; Yun, E.-H.; Kang, Y.-M. Optimization of Ca–Al–Mn–Si Substitution Level for Enhanced Magnetic Properties of M-Type Sr-Hexaferrites for Permanent Magnet Application. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 12708. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312708

AMA Style

Lim J-P, Yun E-H, Kang Y-M. Optimization of Ca–Al–Mn–Si Substitution Level for Enhanced Magnetic Properties of M-Type Sr-Hexaferrites for Permanent Magnet Application. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(23):12708. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312708

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lim, Jun-Pyo, Eel-Ho Yun, and Young-Min Kang. 2023. "Optimization of Ca–Al–Mn–Si Substitution Level for Enhanced Magnetic Properties of M-Type Sr-Hexaferrites for Permanent Magnet Application" Applied Sciences 13, no. 23: 12708. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312708

APA Style

Lim, J.-P., Yun, E.-H., & Kang, Y.-M. (2023). Optimization of Ca–Al–Mn–Si Substitution Level for Enhanced Magnetic Properties of M-Type Sr-Hexaferrites for Permanent Magnet Application. Applied Sciences, 13(23), 12708. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312708

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