Path Difference Optimization of 5G Millimeter Wave Communication Networks in Malaysia

The development of intelligent transport systems, mobile cellular networks, microwave links, and vehicle communications has accelerated with the use of wireless connections as a communication channel in 5G wireless technology. Weather, including rain, fog, snow, sand, and dust, impacts wireless communication channels in various ways. These effects are more pronounced at the high frequencies of millimeter-wave bands. Recently, the 5G network has made it possible to support a variety of applications with fast speeds and high-quality content. To facilitate the use of high-millimeter-wave frequencies, a recent study investigated how sand and dust affect the 5G communication channel. In this paper, we consider the impact of frequent and heavy rainfall on millimeter-wave propagation and cross-polarization of the wave at various points along the propagation path caused by rainfall in urban and highway scenarios in Malaysia. We estimate rainfall attenuation, path loss, and link margin at various millimeter-wave frequencies. From our simulation results, it is evident that rainfall attenuation, path loss, and link margin depend on the operating frequency, path difference, and rainfall rate. In this paper, we estimate and compare the optimal path difference values under urban and highway scenarios both with and without rainfall attenuation.