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Volume 13
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10.3390/app13148462
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Article

Liquid to Fused Deposition Modeling (L-FDM)—A Revolution in Application Chemicals to 3D Printing Technology—Mechanical and Functional Properties

by
Robert E. Przekop
1,*,
Ewa Gabriel
1,2,
Daria Pakuła
1,2 and
Bogna Sztorch
1,*
1
Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 10 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
2
Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(14), 8462; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148462
Submission received: 19 June 2023 / Revised: 14 July 2023 / Accepted: 18 July 2023 / Published: 21 July 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multidimensional Additive Manufacturing)
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Featured Application

The L-FDM technique enables the direct introduction of chemicals, dyes, radioactive substances, pesticides, antibiotics, nanoparticles, trace elements, fertilizers, phosphors, monomers for polymerization, proteins, peptides, and active ingredients in the direct printing process from a polymer material with a typical FDM printer. With the proposed technology, it is now possible to introduce chemical substances into polymer filaments that were previously impossible to apply due to undergoing physical or chemical transformations during previous processing processes. This article discusses methods that eliminate the need for costly and energy-consuming processing equipment. These methods can be utilized in any laboratory by users without access to specialized devices.

Abstract

A novel L-FDM technique that builds upon the fundamentals of the FDM additive manufacturing process has been developed. It includes a mechanism that directly incorporates a chemical substance and alters polymer fibers throughout the fine process. This method eliminates the need for additional extrusion operations and compounding equipment to introduce chemical additives and solvents. This advancement opens up new opportunities for printers to be used in chemical labs to test new or known chemical substances. The paper outlines the technological assumptions, potential applications, and practical examples of direct filament modification using the L-FDM technique. The modifications made to the mechanical properties of the printed objects were confirmed through thermal analysis techniques (DSC), water contact angle measurements, electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), and mechanical analysis.
Keywords: FDM; L-FDM; 3D printing; chemicals; filament modification; liquid to polymer FDM; L-FDM; 3D printing; chemicals; filament modification; liquid to polymer

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MDPI and ACS Style

Przekop, R.E.; Gabriel, E.; Pakuła, D.; Sztorch, B. Liquid to Fused Deposition Modeling (L-FDM)—A Revolution in Application Chemicals to 3D Printing Technology—Mechanical and Functional Properties. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 8462. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148462

AMA Style

Przekop RE, Gabriel E, Pakuła D, Sztorch B. Liquid to Fused Deposition Modeling (L-FDM)—A Revolution in Application Chemicals to 3D Printing Technology—Mechanical and Functional Properties. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(14):8462. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148462

Chicago/Turabian Style

Przekop, Robert E., Ewa Gabriel, Daria Pakuła, and Bogna Sztorch. 2023. "Liquid to Fused Deposition Modeling (L-FDM)—A Revolution in Application Chemicals to 3D Printing Technology—Mechanical and Functional Properties" Applied Sciences 13, no. 14: 8462. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148462

APA Style

Przekop, R. E., Gabriel, E., Pakuła, D., & Sztorch, B. (2023). Liquid to Fused Deposition Modeling (L-FDM)—A Revolution in Application Chemicals to 3D Printing Technology—Mechanical and Functional Properties. Applied Sciences, 13(14), 8462. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148462

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