Phaeodactylum tricornutum as Fucoxanthin Biofactory Model and Hepatoprotective Effect of Encapsulated Spirulina and Fucoxanthin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. P. tricornutum Cultivation and Lipid Production
2.1.1. Organism and Culture Conditions
2.1.2. Scale-Up Procedure
2.1.3. Harvesting
- Growth parameters
- Pigment analytical measurements
- Lipid extraction
- Stress
2.2. Hematoprotection Assay
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Scaling-Up and Fucoxanthin Production by P. tricornutum
3.1.1. Environmental Parameters
3.1.2. Culture Growth
3.2. Pigment and Carotenoid Content
3.3. Characteristics of the Biomass Obtained
3.4. Extraction and Encapsulation
3.5. Hepatoprotective Assay
4. Discussion
4.1. Environmental Parameters and Culture
4.2. Hepatoprotective Assay
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Product | Company | Serving Size | DSLD Identification |
---|---|---|---|
BRI Nutrition Fucoxanthin | BR International, LLC. (Dallas, USA) | 5 mg, up to 4 capsules a day for a total daily amount of 20 mg | 219,005 |
Life Extension Fucoxanthin-Slim | Quality Supplements and Vitamins, Inc. (FL, USA) | 200 mg Xanthigen blend of Wakame fucoxanthin extract and pomegranate oil punicic acid extract. One soft gel, 3 times daily = 600 mg total serving level | 64,368 |
BioRhythm Ultra Lean FX | BioRhythm-ADS (Pittsburgh, USA) | 150 mg, one capsule twice daily for a total daily amount of 300 mg | 13,412 |
Dr. Mercola Premium Supplements Biothin with Irvingia and Fucoxanthin | Mercola Health Resources, LLC. (FL, USA) | 30 mg fucoxanthin daily | 175,720 |
FucoZan | Vita Logic (UT, USA) | Capsule blend containing 5 mg of fucoxanthin, taken 3 times daily for a total daily amount of 15 mg fucoxanthin | 3287 |
MaritzMayer Laboratories the Original FucoXanthin Formula 1332 | MaritzMayer Laboratories (GA, USA) | 5 mg fucoxanthin per capsule at up to 4 capsules per day, for a total daily amount of 20 mg fucoxanthin | 31,716 |
Vitabase Fucoxanthin Plus | Vitabase.com (GA, USA) | 5 mg fucoxanthin per capsule, taken 3 times daily for a total daily amount of 15 mg fucoxanthin per day | 5990 |
Component | Quantity (g/L) |
---|---|
NaNO3 | 100 |
MnCl2·4H2O | 0.36 |
H3BO3 | 33.6 |
MgNa2EDTA·H2O | 45 |
NaH2PO4·H2O | 20 |
FeCl3·6H2O | 1.3 |
Trace metal solution | 1 mL |
ZnCl2 | 21 |
(NH4)6Mo7O24 | 9 |
CuSO4·5H2O | 20 |
CoCl2·6H2O | 20 |
Trials | Results | ||
---|---|---|---|
Value | Units | Method | |
SiO2 | 2.36 | mg SiO2/Kg | ITEM151: AAS 1 |
Al2O3 | 533 | mg Al2O3/Kg | ITEM273: ICP-MS |
Fe2O3 | 2.02 | mg Fe2O3/Kg | ITEM250: OIDA-ICP-MS |
SO3 | 2.22 | % | UNE EN 1744-1 |
CaO | 38.10 | mg CaO/Kg | ITEM273: ICP-MS |
MgO | 12.68 | mg MgO/Kg | ITEM273: ICP-MS |
Na2O | 42.80 | mg Na2O/Kg | ITEM273: ICP-MS |
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Share and Cite
Delgado-Ramallo, J.F.; Ceballos-Cuevas, L.; Álvarez-Gil, M.; Suárez-Montes, D.; Casado-Bañares, V.; Goñi-de-Cerio, F.; Rodríguez, E. Phaeodactylum tricornutum as Fucoxanthin Biofactory Model and Hepatoprotective Effect of Encapsulated Spirulina and Fucoxanthin. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 7794. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137794
Delgado-Ramallo JF, Ceballos-Cuevas L, Álvarez-Gil M, Suárez-Montes D, Casado-Bañares V, Goñi-de-Cerio F, Rodríguez E. Phaeodactylum tricornutum as Fucoxanthin Biofactory Model and Hepatoprotective Effect of Encapsulated Spirulina and Fucoxanthin. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(13):7794. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137794
Chicago/Turabian StyleDelgado-Ramallo, Jesús Fidel, Laura Ceballos-Cuevas, María Álvarez-Gil, David Suárez-Montes, Víctor Casado-Bañares, Felipe Goñi-de-Cerio, and Eduardo Rodríguez. 2023. "Phaeodactylum tricornutum as Fucoxanthin Biofactory Model and Hepatoprotective Effect of Encapsulated Spirulina and Fucoxanthin" Applied Sciences 13, no. 13: 7794. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137794